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Summary Edexcel Politics conservtaism notes
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This includes a complete summary for conservatism in edexcel UK government and politics (applys for paper 1 ideologies).
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Human nature State Society - Economics -Traditional NEGATIVE – imperfect, insecure - It is necessaryState should encourage Society is more important than individuals. FREE MARKET – libertarianism – laissez faire
conservatism and limited. Cannot be altered hierarchy and traditions to ensure Organic – all parts of society work together to ensure a healthy social (abstention by governments from interfering in
through cash injection. people are conformatble. Reform body. Each part has a role. Change risks revolution – slow change (Burke) the workings of the free market).
Pragmatism (lack of intellect to be should be pragmatic preventing Hierarchy – security ‘knowing their place’ Human nature is to be competitive – this
rational). Imperfections – morally revolution if not the break down of Tradition – not accepting changes like gay marriage, encouraging family. produces the best outcome for the economy.
(selfish), psychologically imperfect society may follow. Tradition fosters social cohesion/identity (security). Soft paternalism – Burke – free trade and market economy.
(security driven, socially Belive in aristocracy as the natural leaders, led privileges of the elite are balanced with paternal instincts. Property – owning property provides stability – it
dependent) Hobbes – ‘nasty to the belief in noblesse oblige – aristocracy’s BURKE – ‘natural aristocracy’ like a father. links past, present and future. It provides
brutish and short’ – not evil duty to care for less fortunate. Pragmatism – actions must be taken to ensure social stability. Equality & psychological security for individuals.
‘soft paternalism’ – those lower msut accept HR dangers could lead to revolution. Burke – essential to facilitate natural
Crime is a consequence of the natural leaders as they are the best change. Capitalism is too unstable want some control-
negative human nature. equipped. support laissez-faire but are more cautious about
Hobbes – all forms of social order are its nature. Humans are too greddy for compeltey
preferable, state should be given an authority free economy.
from the people to rule in tehir best interest. Less support for capitalism, prefer protectionism.
Should follow the traditions of the pas ruelers
that worked, change can only be justified if it is
organic.
State should deter people from crimes. Tough
law and order.
One nation Tories Belived that unrestrained A larger state – Disraeli- preserves order Organic & pragmatism – ‘share society’ – so have obligations to each other More state intervention – pragmatism. Keynsian
capitalism could lead to selfish through more state intervention. and emphasise paternalism economics. Maintain high employment and a
individualism, weakening the Welfare programmes, economic intervention, Oakeshott – society should be flexible, based on what works. ‘Prefer the mixed economy of public/private. Intended to
sense of responsibility people and defence of traditional institutions (family, tried to the untried. reduce the rich/poor two nations and prevent an
have for each their – based of authority, respect) Disraeli – rich have a moral duty to help the poor – this maintains an unstable society. ‘middle way’ encourage market
noblesse oblige. Would cause split Paternalism – look after the poor (noblesse organic society. (industrialisation and changing nature of those who were economy with gov regulation. Disraeli – capitalism
between rich and poor. oblige) – attempt to prevent the lower class rich/poor). encouraged self-interested indivualism that
Human nature remains negative. over throwing upper. Social harmony is helped through some gov support to maintain the undermined social responsibility.
State should prvent chaos and anarchy – natural hierarchy.
welfare state is a safety net. Burke – preserve natural hierarchy and ensure people stay happy –
More intervention – regulations such as on
stressed the idea of loving little platoons we belong in – be happy in class
factory workers.
no one should be struggling.
Tax wealthiest.
New right Induviduals are ration and Night watchman state – Atomistic, made up of individuals not coming together. Society may not Some state role –
riven by self interst. We Negative liberty – exist at all. Belive that at most it should be small, variable communities Pragmatism. React to situation rather than stand
should embrace self A small state in economy –reducing economic rather than one big organisation. Nozick – communities of like minded on principle. For example agreed state
interest and realise our full role of state. BUT STRONG STATE in society – people. intervention in 2008 economic crisis.
potential. Embrace need to increase role in policing, to combat Society should promote self fulfilment and should lack social change.
selfishness to promote a crime & anti-social behaviour. Harsher Instead of welfare support and patriarchy should be metritocracy, where
better world. The invisable hand and free market economics.
punishments for crime. all people strive for own success and a welfare state would prevent this Mostly free and deregulated by the state. BURKE
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