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GNUR 203 FINAL (1).
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Exam of 11 pages for the course Anatomy Condensed Final Exam Review - GNUR 155 at Anatomy Condensed Final Exam Review - GNUR 155 (GNUR 203 FINAL (1).)
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GNUR 203 FINALpathogen - ANS-any microorganism that can cause a disease
contamination - ANS-the pathogen(s) on a host that can be spread.
infection - ANS-the attack and growth of a microorganism inside the body, usually
causing harm.
disease - ANS-the damage caused by an infection, usually indicated by a person's
signs/symptoms.
healthcare acquired MRSA - ANS-MRSA found in healthcare settings that is resistant to
most β-lactams.
Exposure to lots of pathogens, antibiotics, lots of transmission - ANS-Why does the
healthcare environment lead to more resistance in healthcare-acquired MRSA than
community-acquired MRSA?
1. Provide a clear diagnosis and communicate what it is 2. provide some treatment
recommendation that can provide comfort and reduce the patient's S/S 3. create a
contingency plan if something goes awry. - ANS-You have a patient that is pressuring
you to get them an antibiotic prescription that you know is unnecessary. How would you
communicate this to them?
mechanical barrier - ANS-the methods and processes used by the body to remove
pathogens from the physical barriers
-This includes flushing, rinsing, and trapping pathogens
physical barriers - ANS-the structures that block entry of pathogens into the body
-This can include tears, cilia, etc...
chemical barriers - ANS-the molecules that may directly attack invaders or establish
environments that limit pathogen survival in or on a particular tissue
microbiome - ANS-The environment where all the microorganisms normally reside in
and on the human body without causing disease
, consume nutrients, changing the pH, blocking all available attachment sites, stimulating
2nd line of defense, generating antimicrobial compounds, improving the
metabolism/immune system - ANS-How does the microbiome play a key role in innate
immunity?
phagocytes - ANS-cells that perform phagocytosis ("cell-eating"), where it ingests the
microorganisms or other substances of a cell/pathogen
complement system - ANS-the process where >30 different proteins work together to
boost immune defenses. With this, the system acts as a "complement" with antibodies
to improve the immune response to pathogens
T Helper cells - ANS-Classified as CD4+ T Helper Cells & the most abundant T cells,
they "help" coordinate the adaptive immune response by releasing cytokines and
activating other WBCs.
-They DO NOT directly seek or destroy invaders.
-There are two types of these "helper" cells (Th1 & Th2)
antibodies - ANS-A protein component of the immune system that circulates in the
blood, recognizes foreign substances (like pathogens) by binding to antigens, and
neutralizes them.
-There are 5 classes which include IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, & IgE
B cells - ANS-Also known as B lymphocytes; They are the stem cells that grow in the
bone marrow & play a major role in the antibody (humoral) immune response. These
cells screen for pathogens in the lymph & secrete antibodies known as plasma cells
T cytotoxic cells - ANS-Classified as CD8+ T Cells, they are known as the "workhorse"
cells of the cell-mediated immune response. They actively seek out and destroy
endogenous antigens on infected cells
memory cells - ANS-Some of the activated B & T cells that differentiate and become
"these" cells after an immune response. They allow the body to remember antigens that
have been exposed to in the past, creating a more effective & faster immune response
vaccines - ANS-the process of allowing the the body to be safely exposed to the
antigens on a pathogen and form a memory. This can come in the form of attenuated
(modified live), inactivated, or mRNA types.
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