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Summary Edexcel alevel poltics socialism notes.
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This includes complete notes for alevel politics socialism under the ideologies paper 1, including key thinkers.
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HUMAN NATURE SOCIETY ECONOMY STATE CAPITALISMRevolutionary- Marx and Engles - state of human nature is Wants to rid of class conflict -the Rectify problems of capitalism – greater workers The current state must be destroyed (a toll of the Capitalism is inherently
belief can only be originally fraternal and altruistic but has bourgeoisie or ruling class and control in employment and significant redistribution dominant capitalist classes) and replaced with the explosive, the bourgeoisie
brought about been contaminated by capitalism. Installing proletariat or sold labour. This of wealth an resources. Marx and engles argue proletariat's dictatorship. Obliterate all traces of liberal would seek to take the
through over fake consciousness. Can be recovered exploitation would lead to capitalism was self-destructive. The economy should capitalist values, pave way for stateless communist surplus value of the
throw of through revolution. Under capitalism, consciousness awakening and a be based on collective ownership, stage regulation of society (common ownership) – Marx/Engles – state proletariat and only source
capitalism workers are alienated from other humans revolution. The new society would capitalism, progressive public spending, common would wither away. of. Profit. Workers would
and made to compete for employment. represent a new economically ownership and co-operate society – Marx and engles through the emergence of
dominate class – the dictatorship of class consciousness realise
the proletariat – and socialist values exploitation and over throw.
will wither away and replaced by
communism.
Absolute equality – equal outcomes.
Social democracy Not as pessimistic, humans have a natural Crossland argued that social class Advocated for a mixed economy, underpinned by Crossland believed that the state can be a vehicle for Seek to humanise capitalism,
– wishes to sense of fairness and an innate objection to divisions can be improved while limited public ownership and Keynesian capitalism, changes radical enough to create a fairer society based reform capitalism through
humanise huge inequalities of outcome. Crosland retaining a market economy to would finance greater public spending necessary to on socialist principles within a market economy. The careful taxation and targeted
capitalism in the argued in ‘the future of socialism that the produce more equal and just society. secure equality. Keynesian economics allowed state paying a role In managing the economy and welfare. The remnants of
interest of social damaging social envy and resentment Keynesian economics had met advanced societies to enjoy permanent economic society, through Keynesian economics, progressive private ownership could
justice – capitalist inequality encouraged could be capitalism was no longer vulnerable growth and full employment – expanding to a taxation and the provision of welfare. This higher generate tax revenue
revisionist - mitigates by state intervention in market to ‘peaks and throughs’ and could welfare state and eventually socialism. Mixed quality of public health education and housing is so necessary for wide or social
place to re distribute wealth ‘ now rely upon to finance a richer. economy, reform capitalism but it remains. high that no qualitative gap exists between public and welfare state.
Fairer and more classless society. private provision.
Equality could be looked at in
Progressive taxation.
education. DON’T WANT HANDOUTS
Third way – Abolishment of capitalism was unnecessary Society has undergone Should bel, private deregulated, producing greater The existing liberal state should be improved, Wholeheartedly embrace
middle ground, and the welfare state could influence embourgeoisement – egalitarianism tax yields and thus more public spending securing redistributing and decentralising political power whilst capitalism as a means for
modify left win human nature just as much as capitalism. must harness rather than deny these greater equality of opportunity. Social investment encouraging greater political participation. Giddens individuals to prosper
ideas towards Supports increased funds for public servants forces. Use capitalism to achieve state rather than welfare, gov focusses on investing was more sceptical about the sates abilities, arguing economically and ensure
economic and and that capitalism had some globalisation socialist goals. Hand up not hand out. in human capital to empower individuals state intervention can have unintended counter- economic efficiency.
political realities. benefits so embrace it. New labours This priortises the interests of best way to grow the economy, through deregulation productive effects like breeding a dependency culture. Advocated a social
CENTRE LEFT approach to provide a ‘hand-up’ communities and societies over those and completive tax rates. Resulting tax could be Giddens argued for a market state, where investment state, hand up
encouraging pro-active people. Focus on of the individual. Infrastructure. spent on infrastructure and social inclusion. government’s regulative role in economy is limited to not out. Proactive in relation
equality of opportunity through increased creating the conditions to facilitate economic growth to seeking employment.
public spending in healthcare, education and has highest impact in improving living standards.
Wants a wealthier society not This is supported by Giddens who argued that free-
and welfare spending.
redistribution. market capitalism had an unmatched capacity to
empower individuals economically
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