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NURS 3100 Exam III.
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Exam of 21 pages for the course HOSP final exam at HOSP final exam (NURS 3100 Exam III.)
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NURS 3100 Exam IIINutrition and Immunity: Protein and Other Key Nutrients - ANS-
Protein - ANS--macronutrient
-break down into amino acids
-contains nitrogen
1)this is what makes protein different from carbs/lipids
-4 cal/k
Classification of Proteins - ANS--polypeptides
1)single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds. A protein
consists of one or more polypeptides
-tripeptides
1)peptide consisting of three amino acids joined by peptide bonds
-dipeptides
1)molecules contain either two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond or one
amino acid with two peptide bonds
-amino acids
1)organic compounds containing amine and carboxyl functional groups, along with a
side chain specific to each amino acid
Role of Amino Acids in the Body - ANS--to make proteins which provide...
1)structural support/framework of body
2)energy
3)growth, maintenance, repair of tissue
4)enzymes
5)transport substances
6)antibodies (immune system)
7)muscle contraction
8)protein hormones (insulin and glucagon(
9)fluid balance (protein pumps)
10)acid balance
How Much Protein Do We Need? - ANS--.8g/kg body weight for most adults
,150 lbs/ 2.2= 68.2kg
68.2 X .8= 55g of protein per day
-protein need is dependent on many factors such as body composition, amount of
exercise, stages of life, illness and injury, etc.
Protein Needs Related to Exercise - ANS--endurance athletes= 1.2-1.4g/k/day
-strength athletes= 1.4-1.8g/k/day
Protein Needs for Growth - ANS--infants less than 6 months should be having
1.52g/kg/day
Protein Needs for PGN and Lactation - ANS--25g/day above adult requirements
Protein Needs for Illness and Injury - ANS--can include
1)infections
2)fevers
3)burns- have HUGE demand for protein intake so may be given more than 1.5g
4)surgery and wounds
-typically hospitalized 1.1-1.5 g/kg
Animal Sources of Protein - ANS--beef, poultry, fish
-eggs, milk, cheese
Plant Sources of Protein - ANS--nuts, seeds
-beans, legumes
Essential Amino Acids - ANS--cannot be synthesized by the body
-need to acquire in food sources
Nonessential Amino Acids - ANS--still very important for function
-our body can take essential AA and convert them to make nonessential
-if pt is under high levels of stress, provide them with nonessential AA bc their body
won't be able to convert the essential
Conditional Amino Acids - ANS--are usually not essential, except in times of illness and
stress.
, Limiting Amino Acid - ANS--protein production haunted if AA is not available in the
polypeptide chain
Protein Quality: Complete vs. Incomplete - ANS--complete= meat, poultry, fish, eggs,
dairy products, soy, (eggs and human milk especially high quality)
-incomplete protein= plant proteins and limiting amino acids
Protein Complementation - ANS--Grains and Legumes
1)plant proteins are limited in lysine, methionine, and cysteine
2)legumes are low in methionine and cysteine but high in lysine
3)Grains are low in lysine but high in methionine and cysteine
~so can pair rice and beans, rice and tofu, rice and peas, peanut butter and bread
-Grains/ Legumes and Animal Protein
1)ready to eat cereal and milk
2)cheese sandwich
3)pasta with cheese
4)rice pudding
5)french toast
6)pancakes with milk or eggs
Types of Vegetarians - ANS--semi vegetarian= eats chicken and or fish
-lacto-ovo-vegetarian= drinks milk, eats eggs
-lacto- vegetarian= drinks milk
-vegan= no animal products
Protein Digestion: Stomach - ANS--HCL denatures protein and activates the enzyme
pepsin
-pepsin then breaks proteins into polypeptides and amino acids
Protein Digestion: Small Intestine - ANS--pancreatic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin
break down polypeptides into tri/dipeptides
-single amino acids and tri/di peptides can be absorbed by mucosal cells via ACTIVE
TRANSPORT (moves from lower to higher concentration; requires a career; requires
energy; glucose and amino acids use this)
Amino Acids compete for a Transport System - ANS--excess of one AA will cause
increased absorption for that AA
-reduces the absorption of other amino acids competing for the same transport system
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