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Arch History, Unit 2 - Greece.
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Arch History, Unit 2 - Greece.
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Arch History, Unit 2 - GreecePrimitive Period - ANS-1100-750 BCE
800: Homer's Iliad & Odyssey
Archaic Period - ANS-750-480 BCE
490: Darius of Persia unsuccessfully attacks Greece;
480: end of Persian wars
Classical Period - ANS-480-330 BCE
-The great philosophers & playwrights flourish ca. 470-325
-Pericles r.461-429
Hellenistic Period - ANS-330-133 BCE
-Alexander the Great (Greek) rises to power in 330, flattens Persepolis in 331
-Roman conquest of Anatolia in 133, ending Greek dominance/independence
Mesopotamia 722-705 BCE - ANS-Assyria flourishes under Sargon II
Mesopotamia 648-331 BCE - ANS-Persian empire flourishes
Mesopotamia 627-538 BCE - ANS-Babylonian empire flourishes (Nebuchadnezzar r.
604-562)
Primitive & Archaic Buildings - ANS--Temple of Hera I, Paestum (Magna Graecia/Italy;
ca. 550 BCE)
-Temple of Hera II, Paestum (470 BCE)
Classical Buildings - ANS-Sanctuary of Athena Polia, Athens (patron, Pericles)
-Temple of Athena Polia (Parthenon)(Iktinos & Kallikrates 448-432) with sculptor Phidias
-Propylaea (Mnesikles, 437 BCE)
-Temple of Athena Nike (Kallikrates, ca. 425 BCE)
-The Erectheion (Erectheum ca. 421-407 BCE)
Hellenistic Buildings - ANS--Temple of Apollo, Didyma (Paeonius of Ephesus and
Daphnis of Miletus; begun ca. 300 BCE)
-Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, Athens: ca. 334 BCE
-Mausoleum (for King Mausolous), Halicarnassus (Bodrum, Turkey) (Pytheos & Satyros,
with four sculptors:
, 353 BCE); patron: Queen Artemisia
-Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamum (Turkey) (ca. 181-159 BCE), with Gigantomachy frieze
-Theatre, Epidauros (enlarged 350-2nd c. BCE)
-Stoa of Attalos (159-132 BCE)
Alexemata - ANS-
Altis - ANS-the original name of the Ancient Greek religious sanctuary of Olympia,
Greece.
Caryatid - ANS-a stone carving of a draped female figure, used as a pillar to support the
entablature of a Greek or Greek-style building.
Contrapposto - ANS-It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing
with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the
hips and legs. This gives the figure a more dynamic, or alternatively relaxed
appearance.
Entasis - ANS-a slight convex curve in the shaft of a column, introduced to correct the
visual illusion of concavity produced by a straight shaft.
Hippodamian Plan - ANS-A rectangular town layout used by Hippodamos of Miletus in
the 5th century BC. Miletus, in western Turkey, existed to Roman imperial times, and
Piraeus in Greece is another example.
Human Analogy - ANS-DaVinci believed the workings of the human body to be an
analogy for the workings of the universe.
Kouros - ANS-an ancient Greek statue of a nude male youth standing with the left leg
forward and arms at the sides.
Pediment - ANS-the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style,
typically surmounting a portico of columns.
Pentelic marble - ANS-One of the most famous of ancient statuary marbles; from Mount
Pentelicus, Greece.
Polis - ANS-a tight-knit, small community of ancient Greek citizens who agreed on
certain rules and customs. Usually a polis was centered on a small town and the
countryside that surrounded it.
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