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ARC HISTORY EXAM 1.
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Exam of 14 pages for the course AE 421 - Week 2 at AE 421 - Week 2 (ARC HISTORY EXAM 1.)
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ARC HISTORY EXAM 1Who roman architect, engineer and theorist proposed these three distinct qualities that
make up architecture? Name the qualities and their meaning. - ANS-Vitruvius,
Firmitas-firmness, structural integrity.
Utilitas-commodity, serving its purpose
Venustas-delight, beauty and aesthetics
There must always be: - ANS-A will to build, a means to build and an ability to build.
Motive and imagination, materials and skill, and technical knowlege.
Structural systems that overcome gravity: - ANS-1. post and lintel (column and beam)
2. corbel and cantilever
3. arch and vault
4. truss and space frame
5. tensile
Ephesus, Library of Celsus 114-117BC - ANS-post and lintel construct, also known as a
trabeated structure. Located on the western aegean coast of turkey.
Mayan arch, Kabah, Mexico 850-900CE - ANS-corbelled masonry. each piece of stone
is laid to project slightly over the course below it. the corbel (projecting block) is cut back
to form the intrados of the arch.
cantilevered barn, tennesee 19th century - ANS-long beams cantilevering to support
structure.
Bracing arches of Rhodes 1100-1300 - ANS-true arches constructed over wood forms,
voussoirs are put into place with a keystone as the final middle stone. ARCUATIOn
Goharshad Mosque, Iran 1419 - ANS-arcuation in arched openings and windows,
especially in this dome structure. Pointed windows are fenestration.
Catal Huyuk, anatolia (turkey) 6500-5700BC - ANS-very close living quarters and oldest
know settlement structure, shrine rooms with birthing rooms--fertiliity was very important
to them
megalith tomb, er-mane, carnac, brittany france, 4200BC - ANS-corbellled construct,
post and lintel combination,
, newgrange passage grave, county meath, ireland 3100 BC - ANS-300' in diamer and
36' high, corbelled construction, important relationship to the sun during the winter
solstice only on five days in the winter solstice does the morning sun shine into the
interior of the tomb. front facade reconstructed in black and white stone---carved
boulders on the front of the tomb
stonehenge, salisbury plain SW england, 2900-1400bc - ANS-megalith construct like
newgrange passage grave, orginally sat in the middle of a forest, built in several stages,
astronomical and astrological intentions, it is also an astrolabe used to calculate
solstices,
ancient mesopotamia - ANS-land between the tigris and euphrates river, fertile crescent,
cradle of civilization, organized solcial poltical economic and cultural instituions. mud
brick was used very often because of the climate and plentifulness?
Acropolis at Tepe Gawra, sumer (iraq) 3800 bc - ANS-acropolis- high city, enclosing
walls are strengthened by salient buttresses called pilasters. The complex includes two
temples, a religious shrine, and dwelling houses for higher rulers.
White temple at Uruk, mesopotamia 3500BC - ANS-raised on a trapezoidial base
Mesopotamian city of Ur, 2100BC - ANS-great ziggauraut and residential area enclosed
in a grand city plan with lots of land for crops.
Great ziggauraut at Ur, 2100BC - ANS-kiln dried brick construction, it is similar to the
white temple because it is raised on a high base and it also strengthened by salient
buttresses (pilasters), grand approach and staircase to show importance and for
ceremonial uses
Palace at Khorsabad, Assyria (iraq) 720 BC - ANS-winged human headed bulls were
placed on both sides of the portal guard gate to the precinct, weirdly oriented
mythological creatures
persepolis, persia, 518 BC - ANS-palace of the hall of 100 columns is here, with the
audience hall of darius, repetitive reliefs,
Audience Hall of darius 518BC - ANS-double horse headed capitals sit atop very tall
shafts and is an extraordinary expression of post and lintel trabeation
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