,Met. Alkalosis
Interventions: #1 Hydration, #2 LOC
Admin Insulin restoring glucose w/I 72hrs
Evaluate Fluid Volume / Daily Weights
Teaching: store unopened insulin vials in refrigerator or room temp
for 28 days
Draw regular insulin into syringe first when mixing insulins
Exercise decreases blood sugar levels
Sick Days: keep taking insulin
monitor glucose more frequently
watch for signs of hyperglycemia
**If in doubt if hyper / hypo glycemic, treat for hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia - Answer- Glucose <70, rapid decline
Excess Insulin, wrong time / type
Manif: #1 early -Neurogenic (Cholinergic / Adrenergic)
#2 Central Neuroglycopenic: confusion, seizure, coma
Interv: Mild - admin carbs / protein
Severe -admin Glucagon
Teach: avoid exercise / alcohol
New bottle Insulin / more potent
Change injection site
Med Alert Bracelet / Carry carb snack
Drink alcohol with food / after meal
**Taking Beta Blockers: manif less intense
**Does not always experience warning symptoms
DI Pituitary (Hypothalamus) - Answer- Lack ADH - Vasopressin
Fluid Deficit / ^ Output
Causes: Lithium, Trama, Surgical, Tumors, Hemorrhage, Cerebral
Aneurysm, Hypophesectomy (pituitary removal)
Manif: dehydration, polyuria, thirst, hyperthermia, coma, ataxia, hypotension, tachy,
hypovolemia / shock, ^Hct / Hgb / BUN
Interv: Admin Desmopressin (nasal, 10x stronger, long acting)
Admin Vasopressin (oral, short acting, use for upper
respiratory infection)
*Never deprive fluids more than 4 hrs
Accurate I&O, daily weights
Drugs: Lifelong Therapy
Addisons (Adrenalcorticol) - Answer- Low Cortisol / Aldosterone
Occurs gradually / quickly due to stress; life threatening
Cortisol - anti inflammatory / histamine
Cause: #1 tumor necrosis / hypophysectomy / radiation
#2 Cessation on glucocorticoid therapy, immunodeficient
(TB / Cancer / Aids / Toxins), hemorrhage, adrenalectomy
Manif: Hypo GNVT - glycemia / natremia / volemia / tension
Hyperkalemia
Salt cravings, GI / menstrual / impotence changes
hyperpigmentation, shock, loss of body hair
Interv: Fludrocortison (Florinef) - maintain K+ / Na, like aldosterone
(Reabsorbs Na / Excrete K+)
Hydrocortison - corrects glucocorticoid deficiency
Prednisone - corticol replacement
#1 Rapid Infusion Normal Saline
#2 Solucortef - glucocorticoid hydrocortisone
Kayexalate - hyperkalemia
Glucose / Glucagone - Hypoglycema
Weigh Daily
Monitor hemoconcentration - Hct / BUN
Diet: ^ sodium / carbs, low potassium
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Gurustudy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.53. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
