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Pediatrics Exam 3 answers updated
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Pediatrics Exam 3>2 years old sx of UTI - ✅✅ -dysuria, frequency, urgency, incontinence in
toilet trained child, positive or negative fever, flank pain, vomiting
✅✅
A clean catch sample is okay in a toilet trained child but a specimen obtained
by catheterization or Suprapubic needle has more - -accurate results
because other methods can give false bacteria results
A urinalysis doesn't confirm a UTI, so we must do a - ✅✅-culture
Absolute indications for dialysis -✅✅ -- uncontrolled HTN
- pulm edema
- uremic encephalopathy and pericarditis
- refractory N/V
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) - ✅✅-Inflammation of glomerulus causing
damage and results in hematuria (hallmark sign), proteinuria (trace), oliguria,
hypertension, and edema
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis - ✅✅ -•Most common post
infectious renal disease of childhood and is common in school age children
with an onset of 1-3 weeks after a strep infection
✅✅
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis can be secondary to -
-streptococcal pharyngitis (winter/spring) or impetigo (summer/fall)
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis manifestations - ✅✅-Periorbital
edema
facial edema in the AM
anorexia
tea or cola colored urine
Oliguria
pallor, irritability, lethargy
, elevated BP
abrupt onset of gross hematuria and reduced UOP
Additional risks for UTIs - ✅✅-immunocompromised and long term
indwelling catheter
Additional treatment for nephrotic syndrome - ✅✅-- diuretics for relief of
edema
- albumin - can help pull blood back in
- monitoring of I&Os
Adolescents sx of UTI - ✅✅-concomitant STD
✅✅
An infant cannot tell us if they are having dysuria, so we must watch for -
-other manifestations such as a fever of 103-104 that is persistent and
difficult to treat - we need a Catheterized urine sample for a fever!!!
✅✅
APSGN edema resolves in ___-___ days and BP in ___-____ weeks - most
always favorable - -5-10; 2-3
Azotemia - ✅✅ -accumulation of nitrogenous waste within the blood; not life
threatening (the start of renal failure)
bilateral hernias are common in ____-____% - ✅✅-10-20
Causes of CKD - ✅✅ -- children under age 5 most commonly present with
congenital abnormalities
- older children more likely to present with acquired diseases
Child normal UOP - ✅✅-1 mL/kg/hr
Classifications of UTI - ✅✅-pyelonephritis (upper tract) and cystitis (lower
tract)
Clinical manifestations in an infant with a UTI - ✅✅-fever, irritability,
vomiting, poor feeding, vague symptoms
- <3 months should have UTI suspection if they have a fever
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