BCHM 270 - Module 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

BCHM 270 - Module 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Nucleotide - Correct Answer️️ -- basic structural unit for DNA - each one contains a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and at least 1 phosphate group difference between DNA and RNA - Correct Answer️️ -- the sugar group is deoxyribose (missing the OH group on the 2nd carbon) or ribose (this makes ribose more polar than DNA so it won't form a double strand) - RNA is single stranded - RNA used uracil and DNA uses thymine nitrogenous bases of nucleotides - Correct Answer️️ -- adenine - guaine - cytosine - thymine (only in DNA) - uricil (only in RNA) purines are the energy current of the cell - Correct Answer️️ -- ATP - GTP Energy storage in ATP - Correct Answer️️ -- the 2 outer phosphate binds of ATP are "high energy" endergonic reaction - Correct Answer️️ -- requires energy - ATP releases energy for that reaction exergonic reaction - Correct Answer️️ -- energy released - ATP can take that energy to convert from ADP to ATP (stores the energy in the bonds) DNA - Correct Answer️️ -- 2 antiparallel stands of nucleotides that interlock through hydrogen bonding Purpose of DNA - Correct Answer️️ -- provides a blueprint for RNA and proteins - store genetic information Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Correct Answer️️ -DNA - RNA - Protein Different Types of RNA - Correct Answer️️ -tRNA -transfer RNA - carries amino acids to the ribosomes rRNA - ribosomal RNA - makes up the ribosomes miRNA and mRNA - micro and messenger RNA - are translated into amino acid sequences to make peptides and proteins 3 components of the central dogma - Correct Answer️️ -- replication, transcription, and translation replication - Correct Answer️️ -- DNA helices unwinds the DNA - RNA primer goes on the sequence, and then DNA polymerase replicates the strand - Single-strand-binding-proteins (SSB) protect the DNA and keep the unwound strands separate - the DNA polymerase replicated from 5' to 3' reading the parent cell 3' to 5' - the lagging strand is built in fragments transcription - Correct Answer️️ -- copying a DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule - RNA polymerase transcribes the information from a gene into RNA (mostly creates mRNA which moves out of the nucleus for protein production) - RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from 5' to 3' reads the template from a 3' to 5' - after transcription, RNA is processed into mRNA and sent to the cytosol for translation Translation - Correct Answer️️ -- mRNA is used to synthesize proteins f