APHY 201 Ch 1, 2: Homeostasis,
Chemistry Ivy Tech
explain why chemistry is an important part of the study of physiology - ANS-all the cells
in your organs are composed of chemicals and chemical reactions are involved in all of
your body's movements and cycles
matter - ANS-Anything that occupies space and has mass; the physical material of the
universe
element - ANS-a pure substance that cannot be created or broken down by ordinary
chemical means
most abundant elements in humans - ANS-oxygen (O), carbon (C), hydrogen (H),
nitrogen (N)
compound - ANS-substance composed of two or more elements joined by chemical
bonds
proton - ANS-A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the
nucleus of an atom
neutron - ANS-A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus
of an atom
electron - ANS-A subatomic particle that has a negative charge and found outside the
nucleus
nucleus - ANS-center of an atom, contains protons and neutrons
atomic number - ANS-the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which
determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table
valence electrons - ANS-The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an
atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.
bond - ANS-a weak or strong electrical attraction that holds atoms in the same vicinity
, molecule - ANS-atoms bonded together
ionic bond - ANS-Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to
another
cation - ANS-A positively charged ion
anion - ANS-A negatively charged ion
covalent bond - ANS-A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between
atoms in a molecule
polar covalent bond - ANS-A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
nonpolar covalent bond - ANS-a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared
equally by the two atoms
hydrogen bonds - ANS-Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one
molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule
reactant - ANS-A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
product - ANS-A substance produced in a chemical reaction
synthesis reaction - ANS-a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a
new compound
anabolism - ANS-Energy requiring phase of metabolism, in which atoms or molecules
combine to form a larger, more complex molecule; A + B -> AB (synthesis reaction);
always involves bond formation and storing energy
decomposition reaction - ANS-a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to
form two or more simpler substances
catabolism - ANS-Energy releasing phase of metabolism in which a molecule is broken
down into smaller molecules; AB -> A + B (reverse of synthesis reactions); always
involves breaking of bonds and releasing energy
exchange reaction - ANS-Parts of the reacting molecules are shuffled around to
produce new products
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