Sociology Chapter 3 - Socialization
ageism - correct answer-prejudice and discrimination against older people
Agents of Socialization - correct answer-Several similar settings have special importance to
the socialization process. Among them are the family, the school, the peer group, and the
mass media.
Anticipatory Socialization - correct answer-learning that helps a person achieve a desired
position.
People are influence by peer groups they would like to join.
Behaviorism - correct answer-Behavior is not instinctive, but learned - John Watson
Care and Responsibility Perspective / Person-Based - correct answer-Carols Gilliagan's idea
of how Girls see rightness
Judging a situation with an eye toward personal relationships and loyalties.
Example: Girls see stealing and are more likely to wonder why someone would stele and to
be sympathetic toward someone who steals, say, to feed her family.
Carol Gilligan - correct answer-moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She
studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale
because they focused more on relationships rather than laws and principles. Their reasoning
was merely different, not better or worse
Carol Gilligan's Theory of Gender and Moral Development - correct answer-Her theory is
similar to Piaget's theory, but she focuses on the link between gender and moral reasoning.
She set out to compare the moral development of girls and boys and concluded that the two
sexes use two different standards of rightness.
1st Boys have a Justice Perspective.
2nd Girls have a care and responsibility perspective.
Cognition - correct answer-all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating
cohort - correct answer-a category of people with something in common, usually their age
Conventional level of moral development. - correct answer-The second stage of Lawrence
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development.
Appears by the teenage years. As your people lose some of their selfishness as they learn to
define right and wrong in terms of what pleases parents and conforms to cultural norms.
, Cultural Capital - correct answer-The ability to take part in leisure activities, including sports,
vacation travel, and music lessons.
Far less available to children growing up in low-income families.
ego - correct answer-Latin for "I"
Freud's term for the person's conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives
with the demands of society. The ego arises as we gain awareness of our distinct existence
and face the fact that we cannot have everything that we want.
Erik H. Erikson - correct answer-student and follower of Freud; theorist who studied
psychosocial development across the lifespan and proposed eight stages of development
Erik H. Erikson's Eight Stages of Development - correct answer-Some point to childhood as
the curtail time when personality takes shape. He took a broader view of socialization. He
explained that we face challenges throughout the life course in eight stages.
Stage 1: Infancy
Stage 2: Toddlerhood
Stage 3: Preschool
Stage 4: Preadolescence
Stage 5: Adolescence
Stage 6: Young Adulthood
Stage 7: Middle Adulthood
Stage 8: Old Age
Final Stage: Generalized Others - correct answer-The Final stage in Mead's Theory on how
we Develop the Self.
We can understand the attitudes, view points of others.
First Stage: Play - correct answer-The 2nd stage in Mead's Theory on how we Develop the
Self.
This involves assuming the roles modeled on significant others, people, such as parents.
Example: You may play the roll of mom or day however at this stage you only take on one
roll at a time.
Freud's Elements of Personality - correct answer-• To the id, the world is a jumble of physical
sensations that bring pleasure or pain.
• As the superego develops, moral concepts of right and wrong are learned.
• Id and superego remain in conflict.
• Managed by the ego in a well-adjusted person.
• Sublimation helps to change selfish drives into socially accepted
generalized other - correct answer-Mead's term for widespread cultural norms and values we
use as a reference in evaluating ourselves
George Herbert Mead - correct answer-Primary concept of the self, the part of one's
personality composed of self-awareness and self-image. Links self concept to role-taking.
Three stages of self development: Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage.
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