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Criminology WJEC sociological theories of crime
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Criminology WJEC sociological theoriesof crime
Becker's argument on crime - correct answer-Crime is a subjective concept. Agents of social
control such as the police label an act as deviant or criminal. Therefore behaviour will be
punished accordingly.
Becker's idea of what labelling can lead to... - correct answer-The self-fulfilling prophecy.
Bourgeoisie - correct answer-The ruling class who own the means of production and make
profit by exploiting the proletariat for their wage labour.
Case study to fit deviance amplification spiral - correct answer-Mods and Rockers 1964
Consequence of secondary deviance labelling - correct answer-Offender may be rejected by
society and forced into company of other criminals joining a deviant subculture. Prison
makes an offender excluded from normal society and placed with other criminals who
confirm the offenders label as a criminal and then learns more criminal skills in prison.
Consequence of selective law enforcement - correct answer-Makes crime look as if it is the
working classes fault rather then capitalism.
Shifts attention from more extreme crimes committed by the upper classes.
Deviance amplification spiral - correct answer-Cracking down of deviant behaviour actually
leads to an increase rather than decrease. Promotes greater attempts to control it, in turn,
yet more deviance
Edwin Lemert's idea of labelling - correct answer-Labelling is a cause of crime and deviance.
By labelling certain people as deviant, society encourages them to become more so. He
explains this by distinguishing between primary and secondary deviance.
Edwin Lemert's Primary deviance - correct answer-Primary deviance is where the behaviour
of the person breaks social norms and values but is not yet socially labelled as deviant.
Trivial crimes that mostly go unreported and therefore not punished often.
Edwin Lemert's Secondary deviance - correct answer-Secondary deviance is more serious
behaviour breaking a social norm and recognised and reported by society. Believed that is
results from labelling, people treat the offender under the terms of somebody's label, this
becoming an individuals master status and can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Ernst Van den Haag's view on humanity - correct answer-Very poor view on humanity,
believes people are willing to cheat to 'get on' and therefore some groups need to be
controlled for their own good and that of society
Argues it's reasonable for police to target the poor
Advocates corporal and capital punishment.
, Examples of primary deviance - correct answer-Downloading music illegally
Underage drinking
Telling lies
Littering
Examples of secondary deviance - correct answer-Theft
Burglary
Robbery
Factors of Inadequate socialisation - correct answer-Non-traditional families, especially
single mothers
Lack of discipline in schools
Murray argues that the underclass are sufficiently integrated into societies norms, stating
under classes are prone to violence and educational failure.
Inadequate or Inappropriate Socialisation (Right Realism) - correct answer-Blame crime on
inadequate or inappropriate socialisation by key socialisation agencies in society
Interactionists view on crime statistics - correct answer-Reject the use of crime statistics
taken by the police as they argue that the statistics measure what the police do rather than
what criminals do. Believe crime rates are a result of social construct rather than a true
evaluation of crime.
Lea and Young's view on Marginalisation - correct answer-Argue it means the process by
which groups find themselves on the edge of society
White and black working class youth feel alienated
Young black males face marginalisation in society by stop and searches and harassment
Leads to criminality
Lea and Youngs view on Relative Deprivation - correct answer-Argued that frustrated from
this disparity between expectations and the reality of lifestyle leads to feelings of relative
deprivation
Argue that the reality for many young Black males is a choice of unemployment, training
schemes or "white man's shitwork"
Feel unfairly denied the glittering prizes offered to others
Can develop into strategies of criminal and deviant behaviour.
Lee and Young's view on subcultures - correct answer-Lea and Young argue the subculture
of young Blacks is distinctly different from their parents who largely accept their marginalised
position in society
Black youth subcultures had high marital expectations and aspirations: money status flashy
cars
Left Realism case study - correct answer-Ethnicity and Crime
Left Realism view on crime statistics - correct answer-Believe crime rates cannot solely be
explained by the "unreliability of official crime statistics"
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