Iowa Pesticide Applicator
C1: FFDCA - correct answer-Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act sets allowable residue
levels to ensure the safety of the food supply
C1: FIFRA - correct answer-Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (1947)
regulates the production, transportation, sale, use, & disposal of all pesticides
C1: FQPA - correct answer-Food Quality Protection Act amended both FIFRA & FFDCA &
set a tougher standard for pesticides on food.
C1: How does the ESA relate to pesticides - correct answer-The Endangered Species Act
(ESA): Pesticides use may directly or indirectly, through drift and runoff, affect endangered or
threatened species & their habitat.
C1: Residues & Tolerances - correct answer-Residues: Small amounts of pesticides on
fruits, vegetables, grains, other foods, & animal feeds. Tolerances: the EPA sets allowable
residue levels under FFDCA regs, safe tolerances "a reasonable certainty of no harm".
C1: Summarize pesticide registration & re-registration - correct answer-FIFRA requires the
EPA to regulate the sale & use & they do this through registration & labeling of pesticide
products; human health & the environment. Re-registration FIFRA requires EPA to conduct
comprehensive reviews of older pesticides human health & environmental effects
C1: Summarize RCRA - correct answer-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
gives EPA the authority to control hazardous waste from the "cradle-to-grave", rinsates &
hazardous waste; become solid wastes when you want to discard.
C1: Understand the penalties for violations of FIFRA - correct answer-Violations of the legal
provisions established in FIFRA civil penalties as much as $6,500 for each offense; violation
of the law also may subject you to criminal penalties up to $25,000 or one year in prison, or
both.
C1: What agency regulates pesticide use in US - correct answer-U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
C1: Who is protected by the WPS - correct answer-Worker Protection Standard (WPS) helps
protect employees on farms, forests, nurseries, & greenhouses from occupational exposure.
C10: Define "endangered species" & describe how pesticides may harm them - correct
answer-An endangered species is one that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range. The Endangered Species Protection Program (ESPP) is a
program designed to determine whether pesticide use in a certain geographic area may
affect endangered or threatened species and/or their critical habitat, if limitations on
pesticide use are necessary, info is reported in its bulletin.
, C10: Describe actions that you can take to avoid pesticide contamination of surface &
groundwater - correct answer-use Best Management Practices (BMPs): Follow IPM
Principles, only in amounts adequate to control pests, use no chemical when possible;
Identify Vulnerable Areas; Keep Pesticides Away from Wells; Do Not Mix & Load near Water,
at least 50 ft (100 ft for atrazine) if possible, mix & load at the site of application, use a
sealed permanent or portable mixing & loading pad
C10: Describe actions you can take to prevent pesticide effects to sensitive areas &
nontarget organisms - correct answer-Whenever possible, take precautions to avoid
application to sensitive areas. Leave a buffer zone, sometimes a pesticide must be sprayed
on sensitive area (check pesticide label carefully), whenever possible use pesticides least
hazardous to bees, apply chemicals when bees are not foraging, do not treat an entire field
or area if spot treatments will control pests, also secondary poisoning.
C10: Distinguish between spray drift, vapor drift, & particle drift - correct answer-SPRAY drift:
refers to the off-target movement of a pesticide during a liquid application (viscosity is a
measure of the resistance to flow) spray drift is more common than vapor or particle drift;
VAPOR drift: refers to the movement of gaseous vapors from the target area, temperature
influences the volatility of pesticides (don't spray if higher than 85F); PARTICLE Drift: refers
to the movement, by air, of solid particles from the target area during or after an application.
C10: Explain how soil type affects the movement of pesticides into groundwater - correct
answer-1) Texture & structure: sandy soils water moves faster when compared to clay or silt,
also macropores; 2) Organic matter: higher soil organic matter content increases the soil's
ability to hold both water and adsorbed pesticides; 3) Depth to Groundwater: areas with a
shallow water table have a greater chance for groundwater contamination; 4) Geology:
permeability of the geologic layers- highly permeable materials like gravel allow water &
dissolved pesticides to move freely down to groundwater, layers of clay, much less
permeable, can inhibit & slow the downward movement of water.
C10: Explain how solubility, adsorption, persistence, & volatilization of a pesticide influence
its movement in the environment - correct answer-SOLUBILITY: highly soluble pesticides are
more likely to move with water in surface runoff; ADSORPTION: a pesticide that adsorbs to
soil is less likely to move from the spray site than a chemical that does not adsorb tightly to
the soil; PERSISTENCE: is the ability of a pesticide to remain present & active in its original
form for an extended period before degrading, also half-life; VOLATILIZATION: occurs when
a pesticide turns into a gas or vapor, the likelihood of volatilization increases as temperature
& wind increase, it's also more likely under low relative humidity conditions.
C10: List & understand environmental factors that influence drift - correct answer-AIR
MOVEMENT: the most important environmental factor influencing pesticide drift, influenced
by temp at ground level & the temp of the air above it; TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS: exists
when the air near the ground is cooler than the the temp of the air above, little or no vertical
air movement, almost all movement horizontal, most often develop during the early evening
hours; HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE: low relative humidity and/or high temps can
increase the potential for drift, avoid spraying under low relative humidity/high temperature
conditions.
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