Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG
531 - Exam 4
30s unit - correct answer-samller unit that reads the codons and makes sure that the
bacteria gets the correct tRNA bound to it
50s unit - correct answer-catalyzes the formation of the peptide bonds between the amino
acids
acyclovir MOA - correct answer-has to be phosphorylated to work against viruses
the HSV has a specific kinase that will convert it into acyclovir phosphate then triphosphate
that is the active drug
so it is not active unless in the presence of herpes
Amantidine MOA - correct answer-binds M2 surface protein on influenza A, blocking
uncoating of viral RNA
either inhibits M2 protein or sits in the channel
doesn't allow hydrogen ion in to cause the release of genetic material
aminoglycosides - correct answer-bind to 30s subunit and induce mRNA misreading
largely used for gram negative bacteria
act synergistically with beta-lactams because beta lactams inhibit cell wall synthesis which
facilitates the entry of ahminoglycosides into the bacteria
aminoglycosides and the neuromuscular blockade - correct answer-can bind to calcium
channels on the surface of presynaptic neurons and block them
can act as calcium channel blockers in motor neurons which leads to a blockade because
there is no release of Ach from influx of calcium
in most extreme forms can have paralysis
Antibiotic resistance in inhibitors of polymer cross-linking - correct answer-could be related to
reduced affinity for bacterial transpeptidase or plasmids that encode for beta lactamase -
there is a genetic mutation that alters the shape of the transpeptidase so that the drug
doesn't bind to it as well
mutations can alter ability of drug to bind to bacterial transpeptidase and reduce its
effectiveness
plasmids can encode for beta lactamase which cleaves the beta lactam
arginine - correct answer-Arginine is used for treatment of heart and blood vessel conditions
including congestive heart failure (CHF), chest pain, high blood pressure, and coronary
artery disease.
, Don't use if:
excess body acid
high levels of potassium in the blood
sickle cell anemia
heart attack within the last 30 days
renal tubular acidosis
decreased kidney function
Don't use with nitro
bacterial resistance - correct answer-ability of bacteria to resist the action of antibiotics
bacteria replicate very fast, mutations are seen in a much shorter period of time
you can get mutations that will increase the number of efflux pumps that will pump the drug
out
bacterial membrane proteins need to be porous for the drug to get through - nonporous are
the ones that will survive antibiotics and replicate
when you add a selective pressure such as an antibiotic any bacteria that has a genetic
mutation is the kind that will grow out
these are combo drugs that try to overcome the genes in the bacteria that code for the beta
lactamase that will keep the drug from binding to the receptor to inhibit cross linking
biological basis of drug/herb/nutrient interactions - correct answer-absorption (changing pH
or motility of the GI tract)
Distribution (displacing agents that are bound to plasma proteins
Biotransformation (inducing or inhibiting CYP450 enzymes)
receptor binding (competitive and noncompetitive antagonism
chemotherapeutics: alkylating agents - correct answer-Bind to DNA
binds to DNA at the alkyl group between two guanines that would have gotten cross linked
if they can't cross link you are disrupting DNA and inserting something that shouldn't be
there
non-cell cycle specific - it damages DNA
must be oxidized by p450 to be activated
chemotherapeutics: antemetabolites - correct answer-inhibit DNA synthesis enzymes
works in the s phase
5FU binds to tymidylase synthase
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