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Exam (elaborations)

SCRN Exam questions and answers

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SCRN Exam questions and answers

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  • June 17, 2024
  • 48
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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SCRN Exam questions and answers



Penumbra - answer-Salvageable tissue
-oxygen
-blood pressure
-Glucose

Perfusion - answer-What oxygen delivers to the brain.

Above the necklace-Anterior Circulation= - answer-Unilateral deficits

Below the necklace-Posterior circulation= - answer-Bilateral deficits

Circle of Willis-Collateral circulation= - answer-Aneurysm

Cerebrum - answer-largest part of the brain

Cerebrum: Frontal Lobe - answer-Motor function, personality, Brocca speech

Brocca's aphasia-frontal lobe - answer-problem with the production and grammar
speech syntax, people know what they want to say but they cant produce the
words.

temporal lobe - answer-Seizure, Wernicke speech, hearing

Wernicke's aphasia (receptive aphasia)-temporal lobe - answer-impaired auditory
reception; speech may be fluent but is often meaningless or nonsensical

parietal lobe - answer-sensory input for touch and body position-neglect
-teach patient to scan the room

occipital lobe - answer-vision

,basal ganglia - answer-Hypertensive bleed

Thalamus - answer-sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem;
-Patient waxing and waning
-Patient asleep/awake
-Thalamic pain syndrome

thalamic pain syndrome - answer-a condition caused by damage to the thalamus
resulting in burning or tingling sensations and possibly hypersensitivity to things
that would not normally be painful such as light touch or temperature change

Cerebellum - answer-Balance and coordination

Left (Dominant) Hemisphere Stroke - answer--Left gaze preference (looks toward
stroke area)
-Right hononomous hemianopia
-Right hemiparesis
-Right hemisensory loss
-Aphasia

Right (Nondominant) Hemisphere Stroke - answer--Right gaze preference
-Left hononomous hemianopia
-Left hemiparesis, plegia
-Left hemisensory loss
*Neglect-left
*Agnosia (failure to recognize objects)

Posterior circulating stroke syndromes= - answer-Wallenburg (Medulla)
Horner's Syndrome

Wallenberg syndrome - answer-Nystagmus, Vertigo

Horner's syndrome - answer-ipsilateral ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

Ipsilateral - answer-on the same side of the body

,Contralateral - answer-on the opposite side of the body

Miosis - answer-constricted pupils

anhidrosis - answer-absence of sweating

Locked-in syndrome - answer-PONS

How do you communicate with someone with locked-in syndrome? -
answer-Blinking eye movement

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis - answer-Hypercoagulopathy state
Post-partum/PREGNANCY

Carotid or Vertebral dissection-TRAUMA - answer-Trauma most common cause
TX: anticoagulation

Arterio-venous Fistula - answer-Ptosis-eyeball pops out
Hears swishing

Carotid Cavernous Fistula - answer-Arterial venous connection between carotid
artery and cavernous sinus---"the bulging red eye"
-can be high-flow or low-flow
-high flow results in patients with atherosclerosis and HTN with carotid
aneurysms that rupture within sinus or secondary to closed head trauma (*basal
skull fracture*)
-S&S of high-flow: headache and confusion; *orbital bruit

Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) - answer-Type A-High pressure
Type B-Low pressure
Type C-Low pressure
Type D-Low pressure

Moyamoya disease - answer-"Puff of Smoke"
Japanese, young female, genetic
Small, thin walled torturous arteries

, Spontaneous stenosis, eventual occlusion
TX: antiplatelet, CCB, surgery

Moyamoya - answer-Small, thin walled torturous arteries
TX: surgery-re-establish blood flow to ischemic area
SYNANGIOSIS- creation of new vessels

Vasculitis- - answer-Inflammation of blood vessels
Answer: Steriod

cavernous angioma - answer-"less common than AVM. Similar to cavernous
angioma elsewhere (liver). Formed by large irregular thin-walled vascular
channels. Most are asymptomatic, may cause bleeding, epilepsy, or focal neuro
problems"
CT Scan=PURPLE LESION

Dural arteriovenous fistula - answer-Abnormal arteriovenous shunts that occur in
the POSTERIOR DURA
Usually acquired from trauma and associated with obstruction of venous sinus

Stroke mimics - answer--Todd's Paralysis (postictal)
-migraine with aura
-Bell's Palsy
-Hypoglycemia
-MS
-Hypertensive encephalopathy
-Wernicke's
-Central venous sinus thrombosus
-ICH - SAH/SDH/EDH
-Brain tumor
-Conversion disorder
-Meningitis/Encephalitis/Abscess

TIA - answer-transient ischemic attack....mini stroke, no dead tissue.
Warning sign of potential or future stroke
Symptoms resolve in minutes to hours
No permanent neurological deficits

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