Anatomy & Physiology ~ Urinary System
How long are the ureters? - correct answer-Approximately 11 inches long
How many nephrons are corticol nephrons? - correct answer-85%. Located in renal cortex.
Short nephron loops that do not reach the renal medulla.
How many nephrons are in each kidney? - correct answer-Approximately 1 million.
How many nephrons are juxtaglomerular nephrons? - correct answer-15%. Located partially
in the cortex and deep in the medulla. Regulate water balance.
How many times is the entire body's blood supply filtered each day? - correct answer-340
times
How much blood do renal blood vessels filter every minute? - correct answer-1-2 liters
How much blood passes through the kidneys every minute? - correct answer-1.2 liters
How much can the bladder hold? - correct answer-Approximately 250 - 300 mls. about 1 cup
How much chloride and potassium is reabsorbed? - correct answer-50%
How much of cardiac output goes through the kidneys? - correct answer-about 20-25%
How much Water is reabsorbed by osmosis? - correct answer-65%
Is the bladder highly vascular? - correct answer-yes
The inside of the bladder is lined with what? - correct answer-Rugae which contain stretch
receptors.
What abnormal stuff may be present in urine? - correct answer-blood, glucose, albumin,
casts (chunks of material), and calculi (stones).
What are afferent arterioles? - correct answer-Lead to the glomerulus, which leads to the
efferent arterioles.
What are electrolytes that may be present in urine? - correct answer-Sodium, potassium,
ammonium, chloride, phosphorous. All vary with diet.
What are major calyces? - correct answer-larger cup-like structures which receive urine from
the minor calyces.
What are minor calyces? - correct answer-small cup-like structures which receive urine from
papillae
, What are nitrogenous wastes that may be present in urine? - correct answer-from protein
catabolism such as urea
What are pigments that may be present in urine? - correct answer-Urochromes. Yellowish
from the breakdown of red blood cells in the liver
What are renal columns? - correct answer-area of medulla in between pyramids
What are the renal pyramids? - correct answer-cone-shaped masses of tissue in the renal
medulla.
What are the renal tubules? - correct answer-leads from the glomerular capsule
What are the urinary system organs? - correct answer-Kidneys, 2. Ureters, 2. Urinary
bladder, 1. Urethra, 1.
What are toxins that may be present in urine? - correct answer-During disease, bacterial
poisons leave the body in urine
What are ureters? - correct answer-Tubes leading away from the kidneys
What do the kidneys do? - correct answer-Filter blood and produce urine
What do the kidneys excrete? - correct answer-metabolic wastes from the body
What do the kidneys look like and where are they located? - correct answer-Reddish-brown,
bean shaped. Located high on the posterior abdominal wall. Retroperitoneal/behind the
peritoneal lining. Right kidney lies just below the left. About the size of a bar of soap.
What do the kidneys maintain? - correct answer-Blood volume (ADH), blood composition,
blood pH.
What do the kidneys regulate? - correct answer-Blood pressure/enzyme renin
What do the ureters do? - correct answer-Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
What does the kidney remove? - correct answer-Metabolic wastes. Filters approximately 200
liters of blood every day
What does the urethra do? - correct answer-Transports urine from the bladder out of the
body.
What does the urinary bladder do? - correct answer-temporarily stores urine
What happens in the distal tubular loop? - correct answer-reabsorbs some sodium, water,
and some other small solutes.
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