POS 3703 Exam 1
Anonymity - correct answer-guaranteed in a research project when neither the researchers
nor the readers of the findings can identify a given response with a given respondent.
attribute - correct answer-characteristics or qualities that describe an object
Causation (its elements, including correlation) - correct answer-Criteria for Nomothetic
Causality: 1. Correlation - an empirical relationship between two variables such that changes
in one are associated with changes in the other, or particular attributes in the other.
2. The cause takes place before the effect
3. The variables are non-spurious
4. Logical explanation (non-standard)
cohort study - correct answer-- a study in which some specific subpopulation, or cohort, is
studied over time.
cohort study (ex) - correct answer-follows shifts in religious affiliation among those born
during the Depression
Confidentiality - correct answer-a research project guarantees confidentiality when the
researcher can identify a given person's responses but promises not to do so publically
Conflict paradigm - correct answer-social behavior is best explained as the process of
conflict -- the attempt to dominate others and to avoid being dominated. -- Karl Marx
Conflict theory - correct answer-- Karl Marx -- said that social behavior can be seen as the
process of conflict; the attempt to dominate others and to avoid being dominated
Correlation - correct answer-- an empirical relationship between two variables such that 1.
Changes in one are associated with changes in the other, or 2. Particular attributes of one
variable are associated with particular attributes of the other.
Correlation and Causal Relationship - correct answer-unless some actual relationship - a
statistical correlation - is found between two variables, we can't say that a causal relationship
exists.
Debriefing - correct answer-interviewing subjects to learn about their participation in the
project
Deception - correct answer-within social research needs to be justified by scientific or
administrative concerns
Deduction - correct answer-the logical model in which specific expectations of hypothesis
are developed on the basis of general principles. Anticipation is the result of this
, deductive model - correct answer-research is used to test theories
Deductive reasoning - correct answer-- traditional model of science. Moves from the general
to the specific.
Dependent variable - correct answer-a variable assumed to depend on or be caused by
another.
descriptive - correct answer-- Careful empirical description takes the place of speculation
and impressions. Answers questions of what, when and how
Dimensions - correct answer-a specifiable aspect of a concept. For example, religiosity
being considered a belief dimension.
Ecological Fallacy - correct answer-- erroneously drawing conclusions about individuals
solely from the observations of groups. Confusing units of analysis in such a way that we
base conclusions about individuals solely on the observation of groups.
Elements of Research Proposal (The Purposes of Social Research) - - correct answer-1.
Mapping out a topic that may warrant further study later (exploratory - mapping out a topic
that may warrant further study later)
2. Describing the state of social affairs (descriptive - Careful empirical description takes the
place of speculation and impressions.)
3. Providing reasons for phenomena, in terms of causal relationships (explanatory - provides
explanations that are more trustworthy)
4. But also categorizing
And predicting and prescribing
Empirical - correct answer-based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or
experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Epistemology - correct answer-the science of knowing; systems of knowledge.
Ethnomothodology - correct answer--- Garfinkel -- people are comtinually creating social
structure through their actions and interactions, creating their realities
explanatory - correct answer-- provides explanations that are more trustworthy. Answers
questions of why.
exploratory - correct answer-mapping out a topic that may warrant further study later
Function of theory for research - correct answer-there is no simple recipe for conducting
social science research. Science depends on two categories of activity; logic and
observation. Deductive - research is used to test theories while inductive - theories are
developed from the analysis of research data
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