POS260 Exam 2
"Reign of Terror and Virtue" - correct answer-- Destruction of old structures and arrests
(executions) of former leaders/supporters
- Capture of telephone, post, and telegraph offices;
- Closure of newspapers
- Revolutionary courts
- Red Army and Cheka
"Thermidorian Reaction" - correct answer-- After Stalin's death in 1953
Society finds some form of normalcy
- Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971)
Bicameral System - correct answer-- Historically traced back to feudal Europe
- Interests of two social classes
- Modern
- Upper chamber's control over the lower house (can amend or veto)
- Federalism
Brazil - correct answer-- After WW II - semi-industrialized economy
- Returned to democracy with deep ideological and class tensions
- President Joao Goulart (1960) supported the redistribution of the greater share of the fruits
of development to workers
- Concerns from business owners, landowners, and other conservatives
- The Brazilian military with quiet support from the United states decided that the instability
threatened the country's development
- A coup d'état in 1964
- Allowed election for a national congress but restricted only to two legal parties
The congress - very limited power
Brazil Outcome - correct answer-- Suppressed independent unions and communists
- Brought talented economists into government
- Governmental investments in new industries
- Auto manufacturing
- Aerospace
- "Brazilian Miracle" (1967-1973)
Brazil Transition to Democracy - correct answer-- Oil crisis of 1973 and peaked oil prices
- An economic slowdown across the country
- Formation of independent unions
- Strikes became more common
- The Catholic Church played a key role in democratization
- In 1985 the first civilian president took office
Breakdown of the old regime - correct answer-- 1905-1917
- Caused by the defeat in Russia-Japan War
, - Result - constitutional monarchy
Bureaucratic Authoritarianism - correct answer-- A regime in which the state bureaucracy
and the military share a belief that a technocratic leadership, focused on rational, objective
and technical expertise can solve problems of the country - unlike "emotional" and "irrational"
ideologically based party politics
- "Internal defense and internal development"
Cause of Revolution - correct answer-- Crisis of overproduction
- Immiseration of proletariat
- Class consciousness
- Revolution
Characteristics of Revolution - correct answer-- Mass movements
- Extensive violence
- Ideologically driven
- Transformation of the state
- Changes in the class structure
- Economic relations - "Every revolution in property relations" (Marx and Engels)
Cheka (Emergency Committee) - correct answer-- Felix Dzerzhinsky (1877-1926)
- Head of Cheka
- Destroy "old class" bourgeoisie, priests, educated people
- Taking hostages
- Concentration camps
- Use of Terror
- Collective Guilt
Chile - correct answer-- In 1969 Salvador Allende was elected as president
- Socialist reforms within the constitutional system
- Continual crises in the early 1970s
- A coup on September 11, 1973
- Political repressions
- Neoliberal policies in 1975
- 1978 a referendum
Civilian Control - correct answer-- To makes the military be loyal to the regime's ideals and
institutions
- To promote the appropriate values in the military leadership
- Prestigious and apolitical
- Training in specialized institutions
- Political institutions in the military
- The political commissars
- Multiple competing military institutions
- Presidential guard - to defend the president from its own military
Class and Class Struggle - correct answer-Slave society
Masters
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