Exam (elaborations)
Exam 2_ NSG 526 (1)
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Exam of 27 pages for the course 526 Exam 1 at 526 Exam 1 (Exam 2_ NSG 526 (1))
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Exam 2: NSG 526Group Therapy primary purpose - ANS-The primary purpose of group therapy is to
facilitate changes by the patient to address identified problems.
A technique for dealing with an over talkative client and silence from other participants
in a group during therapy - ANS-make an observation about the group's silence and
invite the others to comment
the technique of "Information Giver". - ANS-During group members sharing methods
they personally use for dealing with problems
CBT - ANS-consists of active questioning, homework assignments, and dream survey.
The therapist helps the patient consider personal ideas and beliefs in order to increase
the patient's realization about how thoughts influence behaviors.
Attachment - ANS-Attempts to explain the dynamics of interpersonal relationships
between humans. A child needs to form a relationship between at least one primary
caregiver.
Mileu - ANS-Milieu therapy requires consideration of the client's social, economic, and
cultural status.
Complementary Alternative Medicine vs Western major difference - ANS-Western
medicine focuses on what is done to the patient whereas CAM focuses on mind-body
interactions.
Beck - ANS-Beck developed the cognitive model of DEPRESSION and the concept that
cognitive processing distortions underlie psychological disorders
ACTIVE, TIME-LIMITED APPROACH
According to BECK depression can be understood via - ANS-1) cognitive errors, and
the
2) cognitive triad (i.e., negative views of SELF, a tendency toward interpreting
EXPERIENCES/WORLD in a negative manner, and holding negative views of the
FUTURE).
3. Schemas
,Beck's Cognitive Therapy suggests - ANS-Depression is triggered when dysfunctional
schemas are activated and give rise to negative cognitions and patterns of information
processing that precipitate depression
Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) - ANS-RET (Rational Emotive Therapy) a
form of CBT
RET (albert ellis) - ANS-is a psychotherapeutic approach that proposes that unrealistic
and irrational beliefs cause many emotional problems.
The purpose of RET is to identify an irrational belief and dispute it through active,
philosophical, confrontational therapy.
RET assumption (albert ellis) - ANS-People make themselves sick anytime they
escalate a desire or preference into a demand or absolute must. (People become who
they become based on their beliefs).
Operant conditioning - ANS-voluntary behaviors are learned through consequences,
and behavioral responses are elicited through reinforcement, which causes a behavior
to occur more frequently. Positive reinforcement- getting a gift, or negative
reinforcement- removal of objectionable' or aversive stimulus
Skinner - ANS-Absence of reinforcement, or extinction, also decreases behavior by
withholding a reward that has become habitual. Teachers employ this strategy in the
classroom when they ignore acting-out behavior that had previously been rewarded by
more attention.
Skinner's behavior model provides a concrete method for modifying or replacing
behaviors. Behavior management and modification programs based on his principles
have shown to be successful in altering targeted behaviors. Programmed learning and
token economies represent extensions of Skinner's thoughts on learning. Behavioral
methods are particularly effective with children, adolescents, and individuals with many
forms of chronic mental illness.
Universality (Yalom) - ANS-The recognition of shared experiences and feelings among
group members and that these may be widespread or universal human concerns,
serves to remove a group member's sense of isolation, validate their experiences, and
raise self-esteem. knowing ones experience is not unique
, Altruism (Yalom) - ANS-The group is a place where members can help each other, and
the experience of being able to give something to another person can lift the member's
self esteem and help develop more adaptive coping styles and interpersonal skills.
The act of one member helping another putting others need before their own and
learning that there is value in giving to others.
Freud believed it was a major factor in establishing group cohesion and community
feeling.
Instillation of hope (Yalom) - ANS-In a mixed group that has members at various stages
of development or recovery, a member can be inspired and encouraged by another
member who has overcome the problems with which they are still struggling.
Imparting of information (Yalom) - ANS-learning factual information from other
members, for example about tmt or about access to services
Corrective recapitulation of primary family experience (Yalom) - ANS-Members often
unconsciously identify the group therapist and other group members with their own
parents and siblings in a process that is a form of transference specific to group
psychotherapy. The therapist's interpretations can help group members gain
understanding of the impact of childhood experiences on their personality, and they may
learn to avoid unconsciously repeating unhelpful past interactive patterns in present-day
relationships.
Development of socializing techniques (Yalom) - ANS-The group setting provides a safe
and supportive environment for members to take risks by extending their repertoire of
interpersonal behavior and improving their social skills.
Imitative behavior (Yalom) - ANS-One way in which group members can develop social
skills is through a modeling process, observing and imitating the therapist and other
group members. For example, sharing personal feelings, showing concern, and
supporting others.
Cohesiveness (Yalom) - ANS-Is the primary therapeutic factor from which all others
flow. Humans are herd animals with an instinctive need to belong to groups, and
personal development can only take place in an interpersonal context. A cohesive group
is one in which all members feel a sense of belonging, acceptance, and validation.
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