ATCN Chapter 10 Outline Pediatric Trauma
Page 188
_________________________________________ is a significant stress factor in
children. - ANS-Thermal energy loss is a significant stress factor in children.
The optimal endotracheal tube depth (in centimeters) can be calculated as: -
ANS-Three times the appropriate tube size.
For example, a 4.0 ETT would be properly positioned at 12 cm from the gum line.
The smallest area of a young child's airway is: - ANS-At the cricoid ring, which forms a
natural seal around an unruffled ETT.
The use of a ______________________ ETT even in toddlers and small children,
provides the benefit of improving ventilation and carbon dioxide management, resulting
in improved cerebral blood flow. - ANS-The use of a cuffed ETT
The ideal ETT cuff pressure is: - ANS-30 mm hg
A simple technique to gauge the ETT size needed for a specific patient is to: -
ANS-Approximate the diameter of the child's external nares or tip of the child's smallest
finger and use the tube with the smaller diameter.
Infants have a more pronounced _______________________________________ to
endotracheal intubation than do children and adults, and they may experience
bradycardia with direct laryngeal stimulation. - ANS-Vagal response
Bradycardia in infants is more likely due to ________________________. -
ANS-Hypoxia
______________________________________________________________________
_______________is the preferred method of obtaining a definitive airway control. -
ANS-Orotracheal intubation under direct vision with restriction of cervical motion is the
preferred method of obtaining a definitive airway control.
Do not perform __________________________________ in children - ANS-Do not
perform nasal intubation in children
, Position the ETT __________________________ cm below the
__________________________ and secure in place. - ANS-Position the ETT 2 to 3 cm
below the vocal cords and secure in place.
What pneumonic is used to aid in identifying difficulties ventilating a patient with a
definitive airway - ANS-D - dislodgement
O - Obstruction
P - Pneumothorax
E - Equipment failure
Use of a pediatric bag mask is recommended for children under ___________________
kg. - ANS-30 kg
______________________________ and poor
________________________________________ are the only keys to early recognition
of hypovolemia and the early initiation of appropriate fluid resuscitation. -
ANS-Tachycardia and poor skin perfusion
List more subtle signs of blood loss in children (besides tachycardia and poor skin
perfusion) - ANS-Progressive weakening of peripheral pulses
Narrowing of pulse pressure to less than 20 mm hg
Skin mottling
Cool extremities compared to torso
Decrease level of consciousness with dulled response to pain
Decrease in blood pressure
The "mean" normal systolic blood pressure for children is - ANS-90 mm hg plus twice
the child's age in years
The lowest limit of normal systolic blood pressure in children is - ANS-70 mm hg plus
twice the child's age in years,
The diastolic bp should be ______________________ of the systolic bp - ANS-2/3rds
Hypotension in a child represents a state of decompensated shock and indicates severe
blood loss greater than - ANS-45% of the circulating blood volume.
Normal vital signs for Infant 0 - 12 months
Weight
Heart rate
Page 188
_________________________________________ is a significant stress factor in
children. - ANS-Thermal energy loss is a significant stress factor in children.
The optimal endotracheal tube depth (in centimeters) can be calculated as: -
ANS-Three times the appropriate tube size.
For example, a 4.0 ETT would be properly positioned at 12 cm from the gum line.
The smallest area of a young child's airway is: - ANS-At the cricoid ring, which forms a
natural seal around an unruffled ETT.
The use of a ______________________ ETT even in toddlers and small children,
provides the benefit of improving ventilation and carbon dioxide management, resulting
in improved cerebral blood flow. - ANS-The use of a cuffed ETT
The ideal ETT cuff pressure is: - ANS-30 mm hg
A simple technique to gauge the ETT size needed for a specific patient is to: -
ANS-Approximate the diameter of the child's external nares or tip of the child's smallest
finger and use the tube with the smaller diameter.
Infants have a more pronounced _______________________________________ to
endotracheal intubation than do children and adults, and they may experience
bradycardia with direct laryngeal stimulation. - ANS-Vagal response
Bradycardia in infants is more likely due to ________________________. -
ANS-Hypoxia
______________________________________________________________________
_______________is the preferred method of obtaining a definitive airway control. -
ANS-Orotracheal intubation under direct vision with restriction of cervical motion is the
preferred method of obtaining a definitive airway control.
Do not perform __________________________________ in children - ANS-Do not
perform nasal intubation in children
, Position the ETT __________________________ cm below the
__________________________ and secure in place. - ANS-Position the ETT 2 to 3 cm
below the vocal cords and secure in place.
What pneumonic is used to aid in identifying difficulties ventilating a patient with a
definitive airway - ANS-D - dislodgement
O - Obstruction
P - Pneumothorax
E - Equipment failure
Use of a pediatric bag mask is recommended for children under ___________________
kg. - ANS-30 kg
______________________________ and poor
________________________________________ are the only keys to early recognition
of hypovolemia and the early initiation of appropriate fluid resuscitation. -
ANS-Tachycardia and poor skin perfusion
List more subtle signs of blood loss in children (besides tachycardia and poor skin
perfusion) - ANS-Progressive weakening of peripheral pulses
Narrowing of pulse pressure to less than 20 mm hg
Skin mottling
Cool extremities compared to torso
Decrease level of consciousness with dulled response to pain
Decrease in blood pressure
The "mean" normal systolic blood pressure for children is - ANS-90 mm hg plus twice
the child's age in years
The lowest limit of normal systolic blood pressure in children is - ANS-70 mm hg plus
twice the child's age in years,
The diastolic bp should be ______________________ of the systolic bp - ANS-2/3rds
Hypotension in a child represents a state of decompensated shock and indicates severe
blood loss greater than - ANS-45% of the circulating blood volume.
Normal vital signs for Infant 0 - 12 months
Weight
Heart rate
