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EXAM 3 HLTH 3100.
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Exam of 12 pages for the course BUSMHR 3100 at BUSMHR 3100 (EXAM 3 HLTH 3100.)
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EXAM 3 HLTH 3100menopause - ANS-Cessation of regular periods
3 stages of menopause - ANS-perimenopause
menopause
postmenopause
perimenopause - ANS-stage immediately before menopause where physical changes
begin to occur
menopause (stage 2) - ANS-once a woman has gone through 12 consecutive months
without menstruating
Postmenopause - ANS-life after the final menstrual period
aging US population - ANS-As the U.S. population ages, more and more women will
have experienced, or will be experiencing, menopause. About 13 % of the total female
population—are currently between the ages of 45 and 54, the age group at which
menopause most often begins.By 2060, about half the women in the United States will
be experiencing, or will have experienced, menopause.
natural menopause - ANS-• Ovaries begin to fail to respond to the luteinizing and
follicle-stimulating hormones.
• Ovaries produce lower levels of estrogen and progesterone in response.
• Ovulation becomes erratic.
• Menstruation ceases.
• Avg age-51
cultural considerations - ANS-• Management options may be confusing.
• Societal emphasis on youth (US-negative, Asian-wisdom and respect)
• Stereotypes and myths
• U.S. "disease" model
• Information gaps
Women today are more open in their discussions about all aspects of their sexual
well-being, including menopause
positive aspects of menopause - ANS-• Normal life change-not to be feared
, • More open discussions
• No contraceptive concerns
• Often fewer family obligations
• Often increased opportunities in workplace
4 types of hysterectomy - ANS-partial, total, total with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy,
and radical (most severe symptoms)
hysterectomy - ANS-Performed for cancers and other conditions
• Results in more severe menopause symptoms
• Women who have both ovaries removed before 50 years of age are at increased risk
for later CVD, CHD, and stroke
- NW and South have highest rates
- 4x more likely in African American women (physician distrust, medical needs, etc)
health effects of menopause - ANS-• Hot flashes
• Depression
• Sleep disturbances
• Vaginal dryness
• Vaginal atrophy
• Decreased libido
• Weight changes
• Hair changes
• Skin changes
• Urinary tract infections
• Urinary incontinence
menopause and mental health - ANS-• Many conditions have historically been
associated with menopause.
• Most changes in mental health and wellness are not well defined.
• Most women have few, if any, symptoms.
• More research is needed.
menopause complications - ANS-• Cardiovascular disease
• Osteoporosis
• Urinary incontinence
• Weight gain
• Link with dementia? (inconclusive, more research needed)
hormone therapy - ANS-Standard treatment for decades
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