Final Exam NUR 203 #2 (Respiratory and
Cardiac)
apnea -✅✅-absence of breathing
asthma - ✅✅-- A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of
severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
atelectasis -✅✅-collapsed lung
barrel chest - ✅✅-a condition in which the chest appears to be partially
inflated all the time
Bradyapnea -✅✅-slow breathing
Bronchophony - ✅✅-- the spoken voice sound heard through the
stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung
tissue
✅✅-- the angle between the ribs at the costal margins
costal angle -
clubbing - ✅✅-- abnormal curving of the nails that is often
accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips
- Indicator of COPD
crackles (fine and coarse) - ✅✅ -- fine: fluid in alveoli
- coarse: fluid in smaller airways
what sounds are associated with pneumonia? - ✅✅-- crackles
✅✅-- a crackling or grating sound usually of bones
crepitus -
Dyspnea - ✅✅-- difficulty breathing
hemoptysis - ✅✅-- coughing up blood
Hyperventilation - ✅✅-- increased rate and depth of breathing
,hypoventilation - ✅✅-- decreased rate or depth of air movement into
the lungs
Emphysema - ✅✅ -- a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are
damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
eupnea -✅✅-- normal breathing
orthopnea - ✅✅-- difficulty breathing when lying down
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - ✅✅-- sudden awakening from
sleeping with shortness of breath
pneumonia - ✅✅ -- An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in
the affected areas fill w/fluid
pneumothorax - ✅✅-- air in the pleural cavity, collapsed lung
✅✅-- Crackles; wet crackling noise in lungs
rales -
Resonance in lungs - ✅✅-normal sounds
Retractions (Breathing) - ✅✅-- Chest wall appears sunken in between
the ribs or under the xiphoid process as the patient inhales
✅✅-- mucous in large airway sounds, sounds like SNORING
rhonci -
sputum - ✅✅-- mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea
expelled through the mouth
tachypnea - ✅✅-- rapid breathing
tactile fremitus - ✅✅-- A palpable vibration of the chest wall produced
by the spoken word; AKA vocal fremitus
- put hands on back and patient states a phrase and should feel
vibrations
, Egophony - ✅✅ -- the voice sound of "eeeeee" heard through the
stethoscope
- if sounds like ayyy its positive
whispered pectoriloquy - ✅✅ -- a whispered phrase heard through the
stethoscope that sounds faint and inaudible over normal lung tissue
✅✅
The nurse is auscultating Mr. Cook's right posterior chest above T3.
What lobe is he listening to? - -RUL
Visceral Pleura - ✅✅ -- Serous Membrane that lies next to the lung
- Their smooth surfaces, lubricated by pleural fluid allows the lungs to
move easily within the rib cage
parietal pleura -✅✅ -- Serous Membrane that lines the inner rib cage
and upper surface of the diaphragm
- Pleural space is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura
Inspiration -✅✅ -- chest cavity enlarges in size
- creates NEGATIVE pressure in the lungs
- Air flows INTO lungs
Expiration -✅✅ -- chest cavity decreases in size
- creates positive pressure in lungs
- air forced out of lungs
✅✅-brainstem
what is the respiratory center? -
what is the primary muscle of breathing? - ✅✅-diaphragm
✅✅
what is the strongest stimulus to breathe under normal circumstances? -
-- increased CO2 in blood
✅✅
Mr. Cook complains of difficulty breathing with walking. What should the
nurse document? - -- dyspnea on exertion
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