NCSU BIO 245: Exam 2 Cardiovascular
System
_________________ assist the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid. -
ANS-Intercellular Clefts
A decrease in arterial pressure causes what: - ANS-A decrease in capillary hydrostatic
pressure
An increase in fluid absorption from interstitial compartment
An increase in plasma volume
Restoration of arterial pressure toward normal
Absorption - ANS-Movement of fluid and solutes into the blood
Occurs at the venous end
Arterial Pressure - ANS-Net Filtration Pressure will always be positive
As Blood Volume Increases, Blood Pressure ____________. - ANS-Increases
Describe Arteries - ANS-More sturdy
Thick muscular walls
Can handle high pressure and high volume
Carry blood away from the heart
Blood in arteries will be mostly oxygen rich
Describe Capillaries - ANS-Neighborhood streets
Low pressure
Low volume
Not very big
No muscular layer
Narrow
Site of gas exchange (brings oxygen to the cells and takes carbon dioxide away)
Porous
Thin and almost fragile blood vessel system
Describe systemic circulation - ANS-Moves oxygenated blood from left side of heart
Moves through vessels to systemic cells
Exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes
, Returns blood in vessels to right side of heart
Describe the electrical event Depolarization. - ANS-Fast voltage-gated Na⁺ influx
Reversal of Polarity
Describe the electrical event Plateau. - ANS-Voltage-gated K⁺ channels open
K⁺ efflux
Slow voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels open Ca²⁺ influx
Depolarization maintained
Describe the electrical event Repolarization. - ANS-Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels close
Voltage-gated K⁺ channels remain open
K⁺ efflux
Reversal of Polarity (from positive back to negative)
Describe the Endocardium - ANS-Layer closest to the chambers
Describe the Epicardium - ANS-Layer closest to the pericardium and the outside of the
heart
Little bit of fat
Coronary Arteries and Veins
Describe the left side of the heart - ANS-It has a much thicker muscular layer than the
right side.
It has to be able to push blood to the rest of the body.
Describe the Myocardium - ANS-Muscle layer
Thickest part of the heart
Describe the process of pulmonary circulation - ANS-Carries deoxygenated blood from
the right side of the heart
Goes through blood vessels to the lungs
Pick up oxygen and release of carbon dioxide
Back through vessels to left side of heart
Describe the right side of the heart. - ANS-It has a less muscular layer than the left side.
It is just sending the blood next door to the lungs. It is a lower pressure system so it
doesn't need the same muscular structure.
Describe Veins - ANS-Main thoroughfares for blood
System
_________________ assist the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid. -
ANS-Intercellular Clefts
A decrease in arterial pressure causes what: - ANS-A decrease in capillary hydrostatic
pressure
An increase in fluid absorption from interstitial compartment
An increase in plasma volume
Restoration of arterial pressure toward normal
Absorption - ANS-Movement of fluid and solutes into the blood
Occurs at the venous end
Arterial Pressure - ANS-Net Filtration Pressure will always be positive
As Blood Volume Increases, Blood Pressure ____________. - ANS-Increases
Describe Arteries - ANS-More sturdy
Thick muscular walls
Can handle high pressure and high volume
Carry blood away from the heart
Blood in arteries will be mostly oxygen rich
Describe Capillaries - ANS-Neighborhood streets
Low pressure
Low volume
Not very big
No muscular layer
Narrow
Site of gas exchange (brings oxygen to the cells and takes carbon dioxide away)
Porous
Thin and almost fragile blood vessel system
Describe systemic circulation - ANS-Moves oxygenated blood from left side of heart
Moves through vessels to systemic cells
Exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes
, Returns blood in vessels to right side of heart
Describe the electrical event Depolarization. - ANS-Fast voltage-gated Na⁺ influx
Reversal of Polarity
Describe the electrical event Plateau. - ANS-Voltage-gated K⁺ channels open
K⁺ efflux
Slow voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels open Ca²⁺ influx
Depolarization maintained
Describe the electrical event Repolarization. - ANS-Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels close
Voltage-gated K⁺ channels remain open
K⁺ efflux
Reversal of Polarity (from positive back to negative)
Describe the Endocardium - ANS-Layer closest to the chambers
Describe the Epicardium - ANS-Layer closest to the pericardium and the outside of the
heart
Little bit of fat
Coronary Arteries and Veins
Describe the left side of the heart - ANS-It has a much thicker muscular layer than the
right side.
It has to be able to push blood to the rest of the body.
Describe the Myocardium - ANS-Muscle layer
Thickest part of the heart
Describe the process of pulmonary circulation - ANS-Carries deoxygenated blood from
the right side of the heart
Goes through blood vessels to the lungs
Pick up oxygen and release of carbon dioxide
Back through vessels to left side of heart
Describe the right side of the heart. - ANS-It has a less muscular layer than the left side.
It is just sending the blood next door to the lungs. It is a lower pressure system so it
doesn't need the same muscular structure.
Describe Veins - ANS-Main thoroughfares for blood
