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Ethics in Computer Science mid-term review.
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Ethics in Computer Science mid-termreview
what is ethics? - correct answer-"a set of concepts and principles that guide us
in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures" or a branch of
philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending
concepts of right and wrong conduct.
What is computer ethics? - correct answer-Computer ethics is the analysis of
the nature and social impact of computer technology and the corresponding
formulation and justification of policies for the ethical use of such technology.
Philosophy ethics - correct answer-investigates what is the best way for
humans to live, and what kinds of actions are right or wrong in particular
circumstances.
Normative ethics - correct answer-is the study of ethical action. It is the branch
of ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering
how one ought to act, morally speaking.
Applied ethics - correct answer-ethics is a discipline of philosophy that
attempts to apply ethical theory to real-life situations. The discipline has many
specialized fields, such as engineering ethics, bioethics, public service ethics,
business ethics, and of course, computer science ethics. Applied ethics is
used in some aspects of determining public policy, as well as by individuals
facing difficult decisions.
Meta-ethics - correct answer-about the theoretical meaning and reference of
moral propositions and how their truth values (if any) may be determined
Three major areas of ethics - correct answer-Meta-ethics
Normative ethics
Applied ethics
Why computer ethics is a complex topic? - correct answer-Computer Science
ethics is a branch of applied ethics where increasingly clusters of problems
and issues arise that raise new moral dilemmas and to which we must apply
our best moral judgments. Computer technology and its uses is an area where
, incredible change has occurred over the last forty years. All of our lives have
been changed by its introduction and spread. It has changed the way we do
business, how we work, how we shop, how governments and businesses
store and analyze data, etc. These changes directly affect our privacy, our
livelihood, and perhaps our freedom.
The most pressing questions in comp. ethics? - correct answer-o Invasion of
privacy
o Questions of ownership of intellectual property
o Professional responsibility
o Computer reliability (especially in dangerous situations)
o Computer crimes (embezzlement, software theft, malware and actual crimes
against computers)
o Changing work environment
o Cyberterrorism
o Insidious threats of government control (as envisioned by Orwell's 1984)
Four Categories of Computer Ethics? - correct answer-1. Computer
technology may aggravate certain traditional ethical problems (e.g., new ways
to invade privacy).
2. Computer technology may transform familiar ethical problems into
"analogous but unfamiliar ones" (e.g., the criteria for owning an "original"
(photo, document, music)).
3. Computer technology may create new problems that are unique to the
computing realm (e.g., computers making battlefield decisions without human
intervention).
4. In some rare cases, computer technology may relieve existing moral
problems (e.g., computer analysis may allow a more accurate projection of
future consequences of difficult choices).
The Utilitarian Approach - correct answer-the ethical action is the one that
provides the most good or does the least harm, or, to put it another way,
produces the greatest balance of good over harm. The utilitarian approach
deals with consequences; it tries both to increase the good done and to
reduce the harm done.
The Rights Approach - correct answer-the ethical action is the one that best
protects and respects the moral rights of those affected. they have a right to
be treated as ends and not merely as means to other ends.
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