Samenvatting van alle lessen strafrecht in de eerste bachelor rechten aan de UGent. Eigen lesnotities gecombineerd met het boek Strafrecht en Strafprocesrecht in hoofdlijnen: deel 1. Iedereen die deze samenvatting gebruikt heeft was geslaagd in eerste zit.
DEEL I: DE STRAFWET...............................................................................................................................................23
HET LEGALITEITSBEGINSEL............................................................................................................................................23
BETEKENIS VAN HET BEGRIP ‘WET’............................................................................................................................23
INTERPRETATIE VAN DE STRAFWET.................................................................................................................................24
UITGANGSPUNT: LETTERLIJKE/STRIKTE INTERPRETATIE VAN DE STRAFWET.........................................................................24
TELEOLOGISCHE INTERPRETATIE = DOELGERICHTE INTERPRETATIE....................................................................................25
ANALOGISCHE INTERPRETATIE..................................................................................................................................25
DE STRAFWET EN HET EVRM.......................................................................................................................................25
STRAFBAARSTELLINGEN STRIJDIG MET DE GRONDRECHTEN VERANKERD IN HET EVRM........................................................25
STRAFFEN STRIJDIG MET HET EVRM.........................................................................................................................26
TOEPASSING VAN DE STRAFWET IN DE TIJD......................................................................................................................26
GELDINGSDUUR VAN DE STRAFWET...........................................................................................................................26
WETSCONFLICTEN IN DE TIJD...................................................................................................................................27
TOEPASSING VAN DE STRAFWET NAAR DE PERSOON...........................................................................................................29
GELIJKHEIDSBEGINSEL EN NON-DISCRIMINATIEBEGINSEL................................................................................................29
STRAFRECHTELIJKE VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID VAN RECHTSPERSONEN [ENIGE NIET-MENSEN DIE KUNNEN GESTRAFT WORDEN].....29
SCHULDONBEKWAMEN (MINDERJARIGEN & GEESTESGESTOORDEN).................................................................................32
SCHIJNBARE UITZONDERING: IMMUNITEITEN EN VOORRECHTEN......................................................................................32
TOEPASSING VAN DE STRAFWET IN DE RUIMTE.................................................................................................................33
MISDRIJVEN OP BELGISCH GRONDGEBIED GEPLEEGD.....................................................................................................33
MISDRIJVEN IN HET BUITENLAND GEPLEEGD................................................................................................................36
HET BESCHERMINGSBEGINSEL [ZELFBESCHERMINGSRECHT = UITGANGSPUNT].......................................................................36
ACTIEF PERSONALITEITSBEGINSEL.................................................................................................................................36
PASSIEF PERSONALITEITSBEGINSEL................................................................................................................................37
HET UNIVERSALITEITSBEGINSEL....................................................................................................................................37
HET VERTEGENWOORDIGINGSBEGINSEL.........................................................................................................................37
DUBBELE INCRIMINATIE............................................................................................................................................. 37
TOEPASSINGSGEVALLEN.............................................................................................................................................38
DEEL II: HET MISDRIJF..............................................................................................................................................40
1
,BEGRIP....................................................................................................................................................................40
DEFINITIE.............................................................................................................................................................40
CONSTITUTIEVE ELEMENTEN....................................................................................................................................40
INDELING VAN DE MISDRIJVEN......................................................................................................................................41
WET................................................................................................................................................................... 41
DRIEDELIGE INDELING V/D MISDRIJVEN [ART. 1 SW].......................................................................................................41
ONDERSCHEID..........................................................................................................................................................41
KRITIEK...................................................................................................................................................................42
INDELING VOLGENS DE GRONDWET: POLITIEKE EN PERSMISDRIJVEN.................................................................................42
ACHTERGROND........................................................................................................................................................ 42
POLITIEKE MISDRIJVEN...............................................................................................................................................43
PERSMISDRIJVEN...................................................................................................................................................... 43
BESCHERMDE WAARDE [TE VEEL DETAIL IN BOEK]........................................................................................................45
MOREEL ELEMENT.................................................................................................................................................45
UITVOERINGSWIJZE................................................................................................................................................46
HANDELINGS- EN (EIGENLIJKE OF ONEIGENLIJKE) VERZUIMSMISDRIJVEN...............................................................................46
OVERZICHT:.............................................................................................................................................................46
VERZUIMSMISDRIJVEN...............................................................................................................................................46
AFLOPEND/OGENBLIKKELIJK MISDRIJF – VOORTDUREND MISDRIJF.......................................................................................47
ENKELVOUDIGE EN VOORTGEZETTE OF COLLECTIEVE MISDRIJVEN........................................................................................47
GELEGENHEIDSMISDRIJVEN EN GEWOONTEMISDRIJVEN....................................................................................................48
ANDERE...............................................................................................................................................................49
RECHTVAARDIGINGSGRONDEN [ART. 70 SW.]..................................................................................................................49
ONDERSCHEID MET SCHULDUITSLUITINGSGRONDEN [ART. 71 SW.].................................................................................50
ONDERSCHEID MET VERSCHONINGSGRONDEN [ART. 78 SW.].........................................................................................51
ONDERSCHEID MET VERZACHTENDE OMSTANDIGHEDEN................................................................................................51
WETTIGE VERDEDIGING OF NOODWEER = BIJZONDERE RECHTSGROND (BOEK II SW)..........................................................52
NOODTOESTAND...................................................................................................................................................53
WETTELIJK VOORSCHRIFT........................................................................................................................................55
HOGER BEVEL.......................................................................................................................................................56
HET ONRECHTMATIG HOGER BEVEL: GEEN RECHTVAARDIGINGSGROND.............................................................................57
TOESTEMMING......................................................................................................................................................58
VERSCHONINGSGRONDEN, VERZACHTENDE & VERZWARENDE OMSTANDIGHEDEN.....................................................................58
VERSCHONINGSGRONDEN: BEGRIP............................................................................................................................58
VERSCHONINGSGRONDEN: RATIO LEGIS.....................................................................................................................59
VERSCHONINGSGRONDEN: ONDERSCHEID..................................................................................................................59
UITLOKKING/PROVOCATIE = STRAFVERMINDERENDE VERSCHONINGSGROND BIJ DOODSLAG/SLAGEN & VERWONDINGEN (=SPECIFIEK)
ART. 411-414 SW...................................................................................................................................................59
AANGIFTE = STRAFVERMINDERING OF –UITSLUITING ALS BELONING VOOR MEDEPLICHTIGEN EN MEDEDADERS DIE MEEWERKEN MET
DE OVERHEID...........................................................................................................................................................59
PERSONEN DIE ZICH VRIJWILLIG ONDERWERPEN AAN DE OVERHEID ART. 134 SW..................................................................61
HET (ONRECHTMATIG) HOGER BEVEL [EXACT HETZELFDE ALS HIERBOVEN]............................................................................61
SOMMIGE GEVALLEN VAN BLOED- EN AANVERWANTSCHAP BV. ART. 462, 492 SW...............................................................61
HERSTEL V/D SCHADE................................................................................................................................................61
NIET-BESTRAFFING VAN SLACHTOFFERS MENSENHANDEL..................................................................................................62
DECUMUL IN ART. 5, 2DE LID SW.................................................................................................................................62
VERZACHTENDE OMSTANDIGHEDEN: BEGRIP...............................................................................................................62
VERZACHTENDE OMSTANDIGHEDEN: RATIO LEGIS........................................................................................................62
2
, OBJECTIVISTISCHE EN SUBJECTIVISTISCHE POGINGSLEER....................................................................................................75
DE STRAFBARE POGING IN HET BELGISCH STRAFWETBOEK.................................................................................................76
CONSTITUTIEVE ELEMENTEN....................................................................................................................................76
HET VOORNEMEN EEN WELBEPAALD MISDRIJF TE PLEGEN.................................................................................................76
EEN UITVOERINGSHANDELING → OBJECTIVISTISCHE VISIE..................................................................................................76
DE STAKING OF MISLUKKING ONAFHANKELIJK V/D WIL V/D DADER.....................................................................................77
NIET STRAFBARE POGING........................................................................................................................................77
WANBEDRIJVEN EN OVERTREDINGEN............................................................................................................................77
SPONTANE TERUGTRED/VRIJWILLIG GESTAAKTE POGING...................................................................................................77
HET ONMOGELIJK MISDRIJF........................................................................................................................................ 78
BESTRAFFING........................................................................................................................................................78
DEELNEMING............................................................................................................................................................79
BEGRIP................................................................................................................................................................79
THEORETISCHE GRONDSLAGEN.................................................................................................................................79
DE ACCESSORITEIT V/D STRAFBARE DEELNEMING............................................................................................................79
INCHOATE CRIMES?...................................................................................................................................................79
CONSTITUTIEVE ELEMENTEN....................................................................................................................................80
OVERZICHT..............................................................................................................................................................80
WILSOVEREENSTEMMING...........................................................................................................................................80
MISDRIJF WAARAAN WORDT DEELGENOMEN..................................................................................................................81
‘POSITIEVE DEELNEMINGSDAAD’..................................................................................................................................81
BESTRAFFING........................................................................................................................................................82
VERSCHIL TUSSEN MEDEPLICHTIGHEID & MEDEDADERSCHAP.............................................................................................82
DE WEERSLAG V/D VERZWARENDE OMSTANDIGHEDEN.....................................................................................................83
BIJZONDERE VORMEN.............................................................................................................................................83
STRAFBARE DEELNEMING EN RECHTSPERSONEN..............................................................................................................83
GEBRUIK VAN MINDERJARIGEN OM MISDRIJVEN TE PLEGEN...............................................................................................83
SCHULDIG VERZUIM: EEN NIEUWE VORM VAN DADERSCHAP..............................................................................................83
‘SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY’ [WORDT NIET BEVRAAGD].....................................................................................................83
CRIMINELE ORGANISATIES.......................................................................................................................................... 84
JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE [WORDT NIET BEVRAAGD]....................................................................................................84
VOORBEELDEXAMENVRAGEN LESWEEK 6 & 7...................................................................................................................84
DEEL V: DE SANCTIE.................................................................................................................................................85
HOOFDSTUK 1: OVERZICHT VAN DE SANCTIES...................................................................................................................85
STRAFFEN............................................................................................................................................................85
INLEIDING............................................................................................................................................................... 85
DE DOODSTRAF........................................................................................................................................................86
DE VRIJHEIDSSTRAFFEN..............................................................................................................................................86
DE TERBESCHIKKINGSTELLING V/D STRAFUITVOERINGSRECHTBANK......................................................................................87
DE GELDBOETE.........................................................................................................................................................87
DE STRAF ONDER ELEKTRONISCH TOEZICHT....................................................................................................................88
DE WERKSTRAF........................................................................................................................................................ 90
DE AUTONOME PROBATIESTRAF...................................................................................................................................91
DE BIJZONDERE VERBEURDVERKLARING OF CONFISCATIE...................................................................................................91
DE AFZETTING..........................................................................................................................................................95
DE ONTZETTING....................................................................................................................................................... 95
HET BEROEPSVERBOD................................................................................................................................................96
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