Samenvatting van alle lessen algemene rechtsleer in de eerste bachelor rechten aan de UGent. Eigen lesnotities gecombineerd met het boek Algemene Rechtsleer van Frederick Peeraer.
DEEL 1: WAT IS RECHT? [LES 1-4]...............................................................................................................................6
WAT IS RECHT? EEN MOEILIJKE VRAAG = ONTOLOGISCHE VRAAG............................................................................................6
ULTIEME DEFINITIE ONTBREEKT..................................................................................................................................6
TWEE BENADERINGEN VAN RECHT [NIET IN BOEK].........................................................................................................6
HEBBEN WE WEL EEN DEFINITIE NODIG?......................................................................................................................7
DEFINITIES VAN RECHT..............................................................................................................................................7
‘RECHT’? GEEN ESSENTIËLE KENMERKEN......................................................................................................................8
RECHT = ‘STANDPUNT- OF MAATSCHAPPIJAFHANKELIJK’..................................................................................................8
GEVOLGEN CONVENTIONALISTISCHE OPVATTING............................................................................................................9
FUNDAMENTELE TRANSFORMATIES VAN MENSENMAATSCHAPPIJEN.........................................................................................9
PROLOOG..............................................................................................................................................................9
SAMENLEVINGEN VAN JAGER-VOEDSELVERZAMELAARS..................................................................................................10
HOEZO: UITHUWELIJKEN = UITGESTELD WEDERKERIG?..................................................................................................11
CHIEFDOMS..........................................................................................................................................................12
RIJKEN: BESCHAVINGEN, EMPIRES, ….........................................................................................................................12
MODERNE STATEN................................................................................................................................................14
VRAGEN NA LES 1......................................................................................................................................................16
KENMERKEN VAN RECHT.............................................................................................................................................17
PROLOOG: TWEE BENADERINGEN..............................................................................................................................17
NORMATIEVE ORDENING.........................................................................................................................................17
INSTITUTIONELE OORSPRONG...................................................................................................................................21
AFDWINGBAAR.....................................................................................................................................................21
VRAGEN NA LES 2......................................................................................................................................................24
RECAP LES 02...........................................................................................................................................................24
‘JUISTE’ ORDENING....................................................................................................................................................24
GRONDSLAG VAN REGELS........................................................................................................................................24
NORMATIEVE AANVAARDING [UITGEBREIDER DAN IN BOEK]...........................................................................................25
WAT ALS REGEL NIET STROOKT MET GRONDSLAG?.......................................................................................................26
MUURSCHUTTERSPROCESSEN...................................................................................................................................26
OORDEEL BUNDESGERICHTSHOF...............................................................................................................................26
R V. DUDLEY AND STEPHENS (1884)........................................................................................................................26
OVERZICHT...........................................................................................................................................................26
RECHTVAARDIGHEIDS-THEORIEËN..................................................................................................................................27
BEHOUD HET OVERZICHT.........................................................................................................................................27
TWEE SOORTEN RECHTVAARDIGHEIDSTHEORIEËN.........................................................................................................27
GEDRAGSGEORIËNTEERDE THEORIEËN........................................................................................................................27
REGELGEORIËNTEERDE THEORIEËN............................................................................................................................29
RECHTVAARDIGHEIDS- STROMINGEN..............................................................................................................................29
THEOCRATISCHE STROMING.....................................................................................................................................29
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, AUTOCRATISCHE STROMING.....................................................................................................................................29
DEMOCRATISCHE STROMING....................................................................................................................................30
NATUURRECHTELIJKE STROMING...............................................................................................................................31
UTILITARISTISCHE STROMING...................................................................................................................................32
HISTORISCHE STROMING [ROMANTIEK]......................................................................................................................33
VRAGEN NA LES 3......................................................................................................................................................33
ESSENTIE LES 3..........................................................................................................................................................34
OVERZICHT...............................................................................................................................................................34
RECHTVAARDIGHEIDS- STROMINGEN (DEEL II)..................................................................................................................34
POSITIVISTISCHE STROMING.....................................................................................................................................34
METHODOLOGISCH POSITIVISME..................................................................................................................................35
RECHTSPOSITIVISME..................................................................................................................................................35
FORMEEL RECHTSPOSITIVISME....................................................................................................................................35
IDEOLOGISCH RECHTSPOSITIVISME...............................................................................................................................36
NORMATIEF RECHTSPOSITIVISME.................................................................................................................................36
DESCRIPTIEF RECHTSPOSITIVISME.................................................................................................................................39
DESCRIPTIEF RECHTSPRAAK POSITIVISME.......................................................................................................................39
SOCIOLOGISCH RECHTSPOSITIVISME..............................................................................................................................40
ESSENTIE RECHTSPOSITIVISME.....................................................................................................................................41
NOMOCRATISCHE STROMING...................................................................................................................................41
EGALITAIRE STROMING...........................................................................................................................................42
CAPABILITY APPROACH............................................................................................................................................43
VRAGEN NA LES 4......................................................................................................................................................44
KORTE RECAP DEEL I: WAT IS ‘RECHT’?..........................................................................................................................45
DEEL 2: FUNCTIES EN FINALIEIT VAN HET RECHT [LES 5-6].......................................................................................45
OVERZICHT...............................................................................................................................................................45
RECHT = VEELZIJDIG...................................................................................................................................................45
FUNCTIES VAN RECHT.................................................................................................................................................45
WAAROM REGELS EN NORMATIEVE V?......................................................................................................................45
FUNCTIES EN SOORTEN SAMENLEVINGEN....................................................................................................................46
GEDRAGSAFSTEMMING...............................................................................................................................................46
BEVORDERING GROEPSCOHESIE................................................................................................................................46
CONFLICTVERMIJDING.............................................................................................................................................47
CONFLICTVERMIJDING IN MEER COMPLEXE SAMENLEVING.................................................................................................47
SUBSTITUUT VOOR VERTROUWEN................................................................................................................................48
CONFLICTVERWERKING...........................................................................................................................................49
SOCIALE VREDE........................................................................................................................................................ 49
CONFLICTVERWERKINGSMETHODEN..............................................................................................................................50
ZONDER CONFLICT UIT HANDEN TE GEVEN.....................................................................................................................50
DOOR CONFLICT UIT HANDEN TE GEVEN........................................................................................................................52
BESLUITVORMING..................................................................................................................................................53
BESLUITVORMING BINNEN DE GROEP............................................................................................................................53
VRAGEN NA LES 5......................................................................................................................................................54
RECAP LES 05...........................................................................................................................................................55
DE ESSENTIE.........................................................................................................................................................55
2
,OVERZICHT...............................................................................................................................................................55
GUTERRES................................................................................................................................................................55
CODIFICATIE.............................................................................................................................................................56
‘HET RECHT DRINGT ZICH AAN ONS OP’......................................................................................................................56
KENTERING DOOR POSITIVISME................................................................................................................................56
MODIFICATIE............................................................................................................................................................57
OPKOMST, TECHNIEKEN EN ORIËNTATIE.....................................................................................................................57
GEVOLGEN INSTRUMENTELE KIJK..............................................................................................................................58
HOE VERANDERINGEN REALISEREN DOOR REGELS?.......................................................................................................58
GROTE ROL VOOR SEI-FUNCTIE................................................................................................................................59
WELVAART EN WELBEVINDEN..................................................................................................................................59
STAAT ALS TRAUMABEGELEIDER................................................................................................................................60
VOORBEELD: OPINIESTUK DE MORGEN.....................................................................................................................60
NIEUWE GENERATIE GRONDRECHTEN.........................................................................................................................60
LIMIETEN.............................................................................................................................................................61
VOORBEELD: BEHOORLIJKE HUISVESTING....................................................................................................................62
INSTRUMENTALISME VS. WAARBORGFUNCTIE..............................................................................................................63
TER AFRONDING....................................................................................................................................................63
VRAGEN NA LES 6......................................................................................................................................................64
RECAP LES 06...........................................................................................................................................................64
DEEL 3: STRUCTURELE VRAAG: WAARUIT IS RECHT OPGEBOUWD? [LES 7-10] ........................................................64
OVERZICHT DEEL III...................................................................................................................................................64
OVERZICHT DEZE LES..................................................................................................................................................65
DESCRIPTIEVE VS. PRESCRIPTIEVE NORMEN......................................................................................................................65
EVEN TERUG NAAR DEEL I.......................................................................................................................................65
‘NORM’?.............................................................................................................................................................65
DESCRIPTIEVE NORMEN (DN)..................................................................................................................................66
PRESCRIPTIEVE NORMEN (PN).................................................................................................................................66
VERSCHIL TUSSEN RB EN GB....................................................................................................................................67
VERBANDEN TUSSEN DN EN PN...............................................................................................................................68
TALIGE UITDRUKKINGEN VAN GEDRAGSVOORSCHRIFTEN......................................................................................................68
IMPLICIET VS. EXPLICIET...........................................................................................................................................68
UITDRUKKINGEN VAN GEDRAGSVOORSCHRIFTEN..........................................................................................................68
VERIFIEERBARE UITSPRAKEN........................................................................................................................................69
GELOOFSUITSPRAKEN................................................................................................................................................69
WAARDERINGSUITSPRAKEN........................................................................................................................................70
PERFORMATIEVE UITSPRAKEN......................................................................................................................................72
VRAGEN NA LES 7......................................................................................................................................................74
RECAP LES 07...........................................................................................................................................................74
OVERZICHT DEZE LES..................................................................................................................................................74
NORMSTELLER..........................................................................................................................................................75
GEEN IMPERATIEF ZONDER IMPERATOR......................................................................................................................75
AFWEZIGHEID NORMSTELLER: GEEN GEBREK...............................................................................................................75
NORMBESTEMMELING................................................................................................................................................75
3
, OOK GERICHT AAN BEPAALDE PERSONEN....................................................................................................................75
GEDRAGS- VS. BESLISSINGSNORM.............................................................................................................................75
VOORGESCHREVEN GEDRAG.........................................................................................................................................76
VOLLEDIGE EN ONVOLLEDIGE RECHTSREGELS => ZEER BELANGRIJK...................................................................................76
IS RECHT EEN GEHEEL VAN GEDRAGSREGELS?.................................................................................................................76
VOLLEDIGE EN ONVOLLEDIGE RECHTSREGELS..................................................................................................................76
WETSARTIKEL VS. VOLLEDIGE RECHTSREGEL....................................................................................................................77
REGULATIEVE UITSPRAKEN.......................................................................................................................................77
ACTIE-UITSPRAKEN....................................................................................................................................................77
DOELUITSPRAKEN..................................................................................................................................................... 77
VERDUIDELIJKENDE UITSPRAKEN...............................................................................................................................78
ART. 487, EERSTE LID SW..........................................................................................................................................78
NOMINALE VS. REËLE DEFINITIE...................................................................................................................................79
DEFINITIES IN HET RECHT........................................................................................................................................... 79
WAARDEN, BEGRIP, BETEKENISSEN...............................................................................................................................79
DEFINITIE VAN ‘VERKRACHTING’..................................................................................................................................80
VERANDERENDE EN VERWIJZENDE UITSPRAKEN............................................................................................................80
VOLLEDIGE RECHTSREGEL EN WOORDELIJKE UITDRUKKING.................................................................................................81
VERANDERENDE UITSPRAKEN......................................................................................................................................81
VERWIJZENDE UITSPRAKEN.........................................................................................................................................81
CONSTITUTIEVE UITSPRAKEN....................................................................................................................................81
ZUIVER CONSTITUTIEVE UITSPRAKEN.............................................................................................................................81
BEVOEGDHEIDSVERLENENDE UITSPRAKEN......................................................................................................................82
VRAGEN NA LES 8......................................................................................................................................................82
RECAP LES 08...........................................................................................................................................................82
OVERZICHT LES 9.......................................................................................................................................................83
MODALITEITEN.........................................................................................................................................................83
VIER (DEONTISCHE) MODALITEITEN...........................................................................................................................83
POSITIEVE EN NEGATIEVE TOELATING............................................................................................................................83
VERHOUDINGEN TUSSEN MODALITEITEN.....................................................................................................................83
PLICHT VS. VERBOD................................................................................................................................................84
NEGATIEVE TOELATING VS. PLICHT............................................................................................................................84
POSITIEVE TOELATING VS. VERBOD............................................................................................................................84
POSITIEVE VS. NEGATIEVE TOELATING........................................................................................................................85
PLICHT VS. POSITIEVE TOELATING..............................................................................................................................85
VERBOD VS. NEGATIEVE TOELATING...........................................................................................................................85
OVERZICHTSSCHEMA..............................................................................................................................................86
RECHTEN EN PLICHTEN............................................................................................................................................86
‘RECHTEN’ EN ‘PLICHTEN’ NADER BEKEKEN....................................................................................................................86
DRIE SOORTEN SUBJECTIEVE RECHTEN...........................................................................................................................86
BEVOEGDHEDEN VS. AANSPRAKEN...............................................................................................................................87
PRIMAIRE RECHTEN (EN TEGENHANGERS)......................................................................................................................88
SECUNDAIRE RECHTEN (EN TEGENHANGERS)..................................................................................................................89
GEVISEERDE FEITELIJKE SITUATIE....................................................................................................................................91
ALGEMEEN...........................................................................................................................................................92
ALGEMENE EN ABSOLUTE NORMEN...........................................................................................................................92
PRINCIPE VS. UITZONDERING....................................................................................................................................92
CONCRETISERINGSGRADATIES.......................................................................................................................................92
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