These revision notes delve into the developmental programs that control brain wiring to understand the cues that trigger neurons to take the correct shape and connect with appropriate partners. My revision notes also concisely explore how understanding neural circuit assembly suggests ways of treat...
The cortical zoo: cell diversity
About 30 types of GABAergic neurons
About 15-20 types of glutamatergic neurons
Excitatory neurons
Cell types defined by laminar location(what layer in the cortex they
project to) and projection largely agree with those identified by RNA
sequencing
Project to further regions of the brain
Layer 4 – granule layer
Missing in most cortices
But always found in sensory cortex
L4 IT
Layer 4 Isothalamic neurons
Project to the cortex layers 3 and 5
IT
Isothalamic neurons in layers 2,3, 5 and 6
Pyramidal cells
Long apical dendrites to layer 1
Layer 1 contains fibres.
PT
Pyramidal tract neurons
Long range communicators
Project to other brain areas such as the brain stem
CT
Cortical Thalamic neurons
Layer 6
Sends information to the thalamus
Each type has a role in the “connection matrix” for a cortical region
Inhibitory neurons
Around 30 types resulting from the intersection of relevant classification
parameters:
Morphology
Connectivity
Markers
Intrinsic properties
~30% of the inhibitory neurons are somatostatin-expressing
Martinotti cells
X94
Other?
~30% of the inhibitory neurons are 5HT3aR-expressing
VIP
Non-VIP
~40% of the inhibitory neurons are Parvalbumin- expressing
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Jafantah. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.45. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
