These revision notes delve into the developmental programs that control brain wiring to understand the cues that trigger neurons to take the correct shape and connect with appropriate partners. My revision notes also concisely explore how understanding neural circuit assembly suggests ways of treat...
What happens when circuits get compromised?
Two examples related to Basal Ganglia
Parkinson’s disease
Schizophrenia
What are the Basal Ganglia?
- There are 4 nuclei
Ganglia are groups of neurons in the
periphery
Corpus striatum(receives inputs): Caudate
nucleus , putamen, ventral striatum
Globus pallidus (internal, external)
Substantia nigra (pars compacta, pars
reticulata)
Subthalamic nucleus
Called basal nuclei as it is in the CNS
Function of the Basal Ganglia
Coordination of execution – integration of information from multiple
sources - feeding back to cortex to smooth movements.
Initiation and termination of voluntary movements. - BG motor circuits
Inhibition of unwanted movement.
Parkinson’s disease – loss of dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia nigra pars compact.
Initiation and termination of cognitive and emotional processes. - BG non-
motor loops (pre-frontal and limbic circuits):
Schizophrenia – excessive
activity within the limbic-
loop.
How do the Basal Ganglia fit within the
motor pathway?
Nearly all regions of the neocortex
project to the Basal Ganglia
Activation of the Basal Ganglia by
the sensory cortex causes
inactivation of the Thalamus.
Which, in turn, causes activation of
the Supplementary motor area and
primary motor area.
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