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Summary Chapter 4
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Chapter 4 from the NSCA. Tip! Just learn the NSCA in English. Translated summaries are not completely reliable. In these summaries you will find easy to read English for every level!
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Summary Biomechanics – minor PTBook: Chapter 4
Biomechanics
Functional anatomy Biomechanics
The study of how the body works and the A field of study that applies mechanical
body system cooperate to perform certain principles to understand the function of
tasks. Muscles don’t always work living organisms and systems.
according to their anatomical
classification.
Two types of motion
Linear motion (Multi-joint (two or more joints) exercise or compound):
o Rectilinear motion: In which a body moves in a straight line.
o Curvilinear motion: Along a curved path.
Angular motion (Single-joint exercise or isolation):
o Also rotational motion in which the body rotates about a fixed line known
as the axis of rotation.
Many human movements (ex. Running) is a combination of linear motion and angular
motion, and called General Motion.
The three major planes of the human body in the anatomical position are:
Frontal plane (vooraanzicht)
Sagittal plane (zijaanzicht)
Transversal plane (bovenaanzicht)
The study of movement from a descriptive perspective (without regard to the underlying
forces) is termed Kinematics.
Kinematic movement using five primary variables:
1. Timing or temporal measure
(the athlete took 0,8 seconds to…)
2. Position or location
(trainee hold his elbow through 90 degrees of flexion)
3. Displacement
(trainee moved his elbow through 60 degrees of flexion)
4. Velocity
(player extended knee at 600 degrees per seconds while jumping)
5. Acceleration, or change in velocity per unit time
(speed-up)
Besides three major planes, there are three axis who perpendicular to planes:
Frontal plane > Sagittal AXIS
Sagittal plane > Transversal AXIS
, Transversal plane > Longitudinal AXIS
Examples: Plane change from transversal plane to sagittal plane by change the grip
from wide to small by a push up.
Movements over
Sagittal axis Transversal axis Longitudinal axis
(p. 45 + 46) (p. 45 + 46) (p. 45 + 46)
Adduction Flexion Internal rotation (upper
Abduction Extension arm)
Lateral flexion Ventral flexion External rotation (upper
Eversion Dorsal flexion arm)
Inversion Plantar flexion Supination (lower arm)
Elevation Palmar flexion Pronation (lower arm)
Depression Protraction
Retraction
Horizontal adduction
Horizontal abduction
Holding your breath set up abdominal pression. More information next summary.
Measure: meten
Perpendicular: loodrecht
Vental view – front - anterior
Dorsal view – back - posterior
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