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Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution

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  • June 19, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring
uterine blood supply - ANS-- uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral arteries
which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal capillaries

- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus

-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space
that go into mother's venous system

Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation - ANS-*Maternal Oxygenation:*
asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation

*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased Hgb

*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole

*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion

Fetal hypoxemia - ANS-- can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive uterine
activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow

- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or
absent variability from acidemia

(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia - ANS-1 - reduce O2 in blood

2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level

Fetal anaerobic metabolism - ANS-- occurs when long term O2 delivery is insufficient to
meet cellular needs of tissues

- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids

- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues

acidosis - ANS-pH below 7.35

, pH is low

(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)

alkalosis - ANS-pH above 7.45

pH is high

buffers - ANS-- help maintain acid base homeostasis

- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb

base excess and base deficit - ANS-- base deficit is expressed as a positive number

- base excess is expressed as a negative number

~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~

fetal acidosis - ANS-- when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in acidosis,
which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit

acidemia - ANS-assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and body
function

fetal hypoxia during birth - ANS-assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars, neonatal
encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy

respiratory acidosis - ANS-*low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base deficit ( <
12)*

- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit

factors that contribute to resp acidosis - ANS-- sudden decrease in placental or cord
perfusion
- uterine tachysystole
- maternal hypoventilation

metabolic acidosis - ANS-*ph < 7.10 , normal pCO2 (<60), high base deficit (>12)*

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