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Lecture notes Liberal Democratic State

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Lecture notes of liberal democratic system

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  • June 19, 2024
  • 4
  • 2018/2019
  • Class notes
  • Martin monohan and michael o’neill
  • All classes
  • Unknown
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Governments in the global age
Liberal democratic state

What is the nation state?

 Organized and authoritative focus of politics and deployment of public power
 Govt. and its apparatus (the state)
 Unified cultural identity (the nation/or nations)
 A legal entity recognized internationally

The state before liberalism

 Hierarchic and concentrated top-down systems of authority
 Empire / kingship / aristocracy
 Or small republican states: city states

The birth of liberalism

 Enlightenment – gave birth to wo modern ways of thinking: scientific inquiry and liberalism
 One is an is (positive – describing the world as it is) the other an ought (normative -
scientific)
 As time goes by and we become used to movements ideas, the initial revolution seems less
radical but, it was at the time.

Liberalism

 A challenge to divine right (hierarchy)
 To arbitrary rule
 A philosophical and political project
 Locke identifies ‘natural rights’ of life, liberty and estate – these rights limit each other

The social contract

 The state is not a natural condition
 Exists because people agree to it
 People have a social contract with each other and the state to relinquish some freedom in
return for protection of natural rights
 Weak or tyrannical state is illegitimate – able to overthrow

Political consequences

 Glorious revolution 1688
 French revolution 1789-99
 American revolution 1765-83

English history

 Glorious revolution
 But before that, the Magna carta – addressed illegal imprisonment, right to quick trial, limits
on tax, and established a list of barons.
 English civil war 1642-51 – concerning the power of parliament (elected by the gentry)
against the king; divine right; the permanent role of parliament (Commons and Lords); limits
on tax; parliamentary proposed policy. Ended with the beheading of Charles the First –

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