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What is Politics

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Introduction isn’t what Politics is

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  • June 19, 2024
  • 2
  • 2018/2019
  • Class notes
  • Martin monohan and michael o’neill
  • All classes
  • Unknown
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1: WHAT IS POLITICS

Some definitions:

An elementally social activity

“Who gets what, when, and how” Harold Lasswell

The nature of politics:

 Conflict / conflict resolution
 Social setting / context varies but not human instincts
 About ‘values allocations’ – the ‘things’ that matter, material and non-material

Is anything excluded? – Aristotle’s boundary out-dated??

The logics of politics

 Scarcity of resources
 Inequality of access / political opportunity / elites
 Differential power resources
 Human discontents: material and ideational / ideological
 Differential social status

ALL above are sources of conflict / competition and require conflict resolution

BOTH of which are the essence of politics

The arenas of politics

Where politics is played out: locations

And modus operandi – methods of politics

‘High’ politics and ‘Low’ politics

 International / global arenas: war, diplomacy, IGOs
 States: government, administration, political parties; democratic and non-democratic
‘persuasion’
 Territorial polities: states, regions, provinces
 Local / municipal governance: city, town and county
 Organised groups / special interests: lobbying
 ‘Disorganised’ groups, collective action and mass politics: assassinations, rebellions,
revolutions, movements, terrorism, demos, the crowd and the ‘mob’
 War: is war ‘politics by other means’? (Carl von Clausewitz 1780-1831) – ‘War is thus an act
of force to compel our enemy to do our will’
 Individual actions: terrorism, assassinations, murder, hunger strikes, protests, blogging etc.

Politics in the modern liberal state

Modernisation is key here – followed historically by liberalism and democracy

1. Pluralistic: multiple sources / locations of political power/authority
2. Consensual: with the broad consent / agreement of publics / electorate and society at large
3. Ideological: ideas about the ‘ideal’ society drives political parties – though not in an
extremist sense, except at the margins of society

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