Communicative Language Teaching
(CLT)
Background - correct answer-• Product of educators/linguists who were dissatisfied with
audio-lingual method and grammar-translation
• CLT was influenced and shaped by two sources:
1. From the outside: The changing status of English in the world
2. Demand for English teaching that delivers language teaching for the global citizens
• Reaction to the Oral method in England
The idea of CLT was further developed by the Council of Europe:
• 1970s: Threshold level
• 19... Common European Framework
Classroom exercises - correct answer-• Group/pair work
• Describe and draw
• Interviews
• Questionaries'
• Negotiate
• Tasks focusing on communication: task-completion, information-gathering+sharing
• Information gap, opinion, and reasoning activities
• Role play
Criticism - correct answer-• It promotes fossilization
o Focus on talking, but not accurate
• It reflects "native-speakerism"
• It is not applicable in different cultures of learning
• It reflects a Western-based top-down approach to innovation
o The bottom-up concept of reading → interpreted as a process starting with a decoding of
the letters
o The top-down concept of reading → the reader starts with a general idea, or a schema of
what the text is about. Previous obtained knowledge
• The classroom can be too social, and little focus on learning
Learner role - correct answer-• Learner-centered
• Active communicative participant
• Collaborator
• Greater degree of responsibility/autonomy
• Students had to become comfortable with listening to their peers in group work or pair work
tasks, rather than relying on the teacher for a model
Positive - correct answer-• Serve as meaning of higher thinking skills
o Creativity
• The connection between different strands of the curriculum is emphasized
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