Advanced Physiology 201- EXAM 1- study
guide CHAPTER 1 Ivy Tech
Physiology - ANS-the study of the phenomena of living things; the study of the functions
of organisms,
Pathophysiology - ANS-the study of how disease processes affect the function of the
body
Levels of organization; Hierarchy of life - ANS-atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Atom - ANS-Smallest particle of an element
Molecule - ANS-two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Macromolecules are - ANS-______ is a very large molecule, such as protein, commonly
created by polymerization of smaller subunits ;monomers;. They are typically composed
of thousands or more atoms. macrocycles).
The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are? - ANS-biopolymers -nucleic
acids, proteins, carbohydrates and polyphenols- and large non-polymeric molecules
-such as lipids and macrocycles.
What are the 4 types of cells? - ANS-1) neurons, (2) muscle cells, (3) epithelial cells,
and (4) connective tissue cells
Tissue - ANS-Any such collection of cells performing similar functions is referred to as?
tissues are also classified into four basic groups: - ANS-nervous tissue, muscle tissue,
epithelial tissue, and connective tissue.
, The term tissue is also loosely defined as? - ANS-any of the materials of which the body
is composed.
Organ - ANS-when two or more tissues combine to make up structures that perform
particular functions, those structures are called
organ system - ANS-collections of organs that work together to perform certain
functions.
Organism - ANS-An individual living thing
an example of an Organ is? - ANS-Heart
an example of an organ system is ? - ANS-The cardiovascular system
An example of an organ system is the gastrointestinal system, what does it include? -
ANS-This organ system includes the mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
an example of an organism is - ANS-human
What are the four types of tissues? - ANS-epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
epithelial tissue - ANS-consist of a continuous, sheetlike layer of cells in combination
with a thin underlying layer of noncellular material called a basement membrane
connective tissue - ANS-A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects
all of its parts
muscular tissue - ANS-Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.
nervous tissue function - ANS-Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to
effectors (muscles and glands) which control their activity
Total Body Water (TBW) - ANS-the total amount of water in the body at a given time.
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANS-fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and
interstitial fluids
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