English Policy (1515-21)
Wolsey's achievements and position
Wolsey was unable to achieve much and his position was in a difficult position due to the
change in the European situation by 1519:
- NEW FRENCH KING (Francis I)
- NEW HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR (Charles V) both of whom were young and wanted to
asset themselves and, unlike Henry, the advantage of resources
How was England's position further weakened?
When Francis encouraged the DUKE OF SUFFOLK to marry Henry’s sister Mary (following
the death of her husband Louis XII) = loss for Henry as his sister married a non-royal without
permission (a man Henry trusted) while also depriving him of the opportunity to use her in
the marriage market
What weakened England's position even more?
FRENCH VICTOY AT MARIGNANO (1515)
– gave France control of Milan
- Henry ordered Wolsey to construct an anti-French alliance but the accession of Charles I
resulted in a peace treaty between France and Spain which was soon joined by HRE
Maximilian, leaving England on the sidelines of European affairs
- forced England to seek peace with France, ultimately leading to the Treaty of London
(1518)
Treaty of London (1518)
signed by 20+ European rulers and made Henry appear as the European peacemaker BUT
Wolsey sacrificed earlier gains by returning Tournai to the French as part of the deal
How was the Treaty of London undermined?
Undermined by the election of Charles I of Spain as the HRE in 1519 (shifted balance and
made it harder for Wolsey to maintain England’s position in European affairs)
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