A Course Material on
Estimation, Costing and Valuation
By
Dr. N Seshadri sekhar
Associate Professor
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Scsvmv, Kanchipuram
This is to certify that the e-course material
Subject Code :
Subject : Estimation, Costing and Valuation
Class : IV Year CIVIL, CIVIL&STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
being prepared by me and it meets the knowledge requirement of the university curriculum.
Signature of the Author
1
, ESTIMATION AND QUANTITY SURVEYING LTPC
3104
OBJECTIVE
This subject covers the various aspects of estimating of quantities of items of works involved
in buildings, water supply and sanitary works, road works and irrigation works. This also
covers the rate analysis, valuation of properties and preparation of reports for estimation of
various items. At the end of this course the student shall be able to estimate the material
quantities, prepare a bill of quantities, make specifications and prepare tender documents.
Student should also be able to prepare value estimates.
UNIT I ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 11 Hrs
Introduction to estimation- Necessity of Estimation- Units and Measurents-Types of
Estimates- Methods of Estimation-Load bearing and framed structures
Calculation of quantities of brick work, RCC, PCC, Plastering, white washing, colour washing
and painting / varnishing for shops, rooms, residential building with flat and pitched roof –
Various types of arches – Calculation of brick work and RCC works in arches – Estimate of
joineries for panelled and glazed doors, windows, ventilators, handrails etc.- Estimation of
Steel for RCC works.
UNIT II ESTIMATE OF OTHER STRUCTURES 10 Hrs
Estimating of septic tank, soak pit – sanitary and water supply installations – water supply
pipe line – sewer line – tube well – open well
Estimate of bituminous and cement concrete roads – estimate of retaining walls – culverts –
estimating of irrigation works – aqueduct, syphon, fall.
UNIT III SPECIFICATION AND TENDERS 8Hrs
Data – Schedule of rates – Analysis of rates – Specifications – sources – Detailed and
general specifications for buidings, Roads
Tenders – Contracts – Types of contracts, BOT – Arbitration and legal requirements.
UNIT IV VALUATION 8 Hrs
Necessity – Basics of value engineering – Capitalised value – Depreciation – Escalation –
Calculation of Standard rent – Mortgage – Lease-Valuation of Building- Loss assessment
UNIT V REPORT PREPARATION 8 Hrs
Principles for report preparation – report on estimate of Official building – Culvert – Roads –
Water supply and sanitary installations – Tube wells – Open wells.
TEXT BOOKS TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
Dutta, B.N., “Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering”, UBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt.
Ltd., 2003
Kohli, D.D and Kohli, R.C., “A Text Book of Estimating and Costing (Civil)”, S.Chand &
Company Ltd., 2004
REFERENCES
PWD Data Book
CPWD Schedule of rates
TN schedule of rates
1
, Table of Contents
S.No Title Page No
1 ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Units Of Measurements 1
1.2.1 Rules For Measurement 1
1.3 Requirements Of Estimation And Costing 2
1.3.1 Procedure Of Estimating Or Method Of Estimating 2
1.3.2 Data Required To Prepare An Estimate 2
1.3.3 Drawings 3
Specifications 3
Rates 3
1.3.6 Lumpsum 3
1.3.7 Work Charged Establishment 3
1.4 Methods Of Taking Out Quantities 4
1.4.1 Long Wall-Short Wall Method 4
1.4.2 Centre Line Method 4
1.4.3 Partly Centre Line And Partly Cross Wall Method 4
1.4.4 Detailed Estimate 6
Factors To Be Considered While Preparing Detailed Estimate 6
Data
6
1.4.7 Fixing Of Rate Per Unit Of An Item 7
1.4.8 Methods Of Preparation Of Approximate Estimate 7
1.4.9 Plinth Area Method 7
1.4.10 Cubical Contents Method 8
2 ESTIMATE OF OTHER STRUCTURES 14
2.1 Estimating of septic tank with soak pit 14
2.2 Estimate of bituminous and cement concrete roads 16
2.3 Estimate of retaining walls 19
2.4 Estimate of culverts 19
2.5 Estimating of irrigation works 20
2.6 Estimate of aqueduct, syphon, fall 21
3 SPECIFICATION AND TENDERS 23
3.1 General Or Brief Specification 23
3.2 Detailed Specifications 23
Detailed Specifications Of Excavations, Filling And Back 23
Filling
antitermite Treatment 30
3.2.3 Hard Core / Soling Under Floors / Foundation 34
3.2.4 Reinforced Concrete And Allied Works 35
1
, Form Work 42
Steel Reinforcement 43
Structural Steel 46
Damp Proof Course 48
Brick Work 49
Schedule Of Rates 51
Procedure Of Rate Analysis 51
Requirement Of Labour And Materials 52
VALUATION 54
Objects Of Valuation 54
Six Important Purposes Of Valuation 54
Definitions 55
Market Value 55
Book Value 55
Capital Cost 55
Sinking Fund Method 56
Direct Comparison With The Capital Value 56
Depreciation Method Of Valuation 57
Methods For Calculating Depreciation 57
Fixation Of Rent 58
Calculation Of Standard Rend Of A Govt. Property 58
REPORT PREPARATION 60
Report On Estimates for the Construction of Residential Building 60
Report on Estimate for Construction of a Culvert 61
Report on the Estimate for a Road Construction 62
Principle for the preparation of Water supply Scheme 63
The project or scheme of major work consist of the following 64
works
1
Estimation, Costing and Valuation
By
Dr. N Seshadri sekhar
Associate Professor
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Scsvmv, Kanchipuram
This is to certify that the e-course material
Subject Code :
Subject : Estimation, Costing and Valuation
Class : IV Year CIVIL, CIVIL&STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
being prepared by me and it meets the knowledge requirement of the university curriculum.
Signature of the Author
1
, ESTIMATION AND QUANTITY SURVEYING LTPC
3104
OBJECTIVE
This subject covers the various aspects of estimating of quantities of items of works involved
in buildings, water supply and sanitary works, road works and irrigation works. This also
covers the rate analysis, valuation of properties and preparation of reports for estimation of
various items. At the end of this course the student shall be able to estimate the material
quantities, prepare a bill of quantities, make specifications and prepare tender documents.
Student should also be able to prepare value estimates.
UNIT I ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 11 Hrs
Introduction to estimation- Necessity of Estimation- Units and Measurents-Types of
Estimates- Methods of Estimation-Load bearing and framed structures
Calculation of quantities of brick work, RCC, PCC, Plastering, white washing, colour washing
and painting / varnishing for shops, rooms, residential building with flat and pitched roof –
Various types of arches – Calculation of brick work and RCC works in arches – Estimate of
joineries for panelled and glazed doors, windows, ventilators, handrails etc.- Estimation of
Steel for RCC works.
UNIT II ESTIMATE OF OTHER STRUCTURES 10 Hrs
Estimating of septic tank, soak pit – sanitary and water supply installations – water supply
pipe line – sewer line – tube well – open well
Estimate of bituminous and cement concrete roads – estimate of retaining walls – culverts –
estimating of irrigation works – aqueduct, syphon, fall.
UNIT III SPECIFICATION AND TENDERS 8Hrs
Data – Schedule of rates – Analysis of rates – Specifications – sources – Detailed and
general specifications for buidings, Roads
Tenders – Contracts – Types of contracts, BOT – Arbitration and legal requirements.
UNIT IV VALUATION 8 Hrs
Necessity – Basics of value engineering – Capitalised value – Depreciation – Escalation –
Calculation of Standard rent – Mortgage – Lease-Valuation of Building- Loss assessment
UNIT V REPORT PREPARATION 8 Hrs
Principles for report preparation – report on estimate of Official building – Culvert – Roads –
Water supply and sanitary installations – Tube wells – Open wells.
TEXT BOOKS TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
Dutta, B.N., “Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering”, UBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt.
Ltd., 2003
Kohli, D.D and Kohli, R.C., “A Text Book of Estimating and Costing (Civil)”, S.Chand &
Company Ltd., 2004
REFERENCES
PWD Data Book
CPWD Schedule of rates
TN schedule of rates
1
, Table of Contents
S.No Title Page No
1 ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Units Of Measurements 1
1.2.1 Rules For Measurement 1
1.3 Requirements Of Estimation And Costing 2
1.3.1 Procedure Of Estimating Or Method Of Estimating 2
1.3.2 Data Required To Prepare An Estimate 2
1.3.3 Drawings 3
Specifications 3
Rates 3
1.3.6 Lumpsum 3
1.3.7 Work Charged Establishment 3
1.4 Methods Of Taking Out Quantities 4
1.4.1 Long Wall-Short Wall Method 4
1.4.2 Centre Line Method 4
1.4.3 Partly Centre Line And Partly Cross Wall Method 4
1.4.4 Detailed Estimate 6
Factors To Be Considered While Preparing Detailed Estimate 6
Data
6
1.4.7 Fixing Of Rate Per Unit Of An Item 7
1.4.8 Methods Of Preparation Of Approximate Estimate 7
1.4.9 Plinth Area Method 7
1.4.10 Cubical Contents Method 8
2 ESTIMATE OF OTHER STRUCTURES 14
2.1 Estimating of septic tank with soak pit 14
2.2 Estimate of bituminous and cement concrete roads 16
2.3 Estimate of retaining walls 19
2.4 Estimate of culverts 19
2.5 Estimating of irrigation works 20
2.6 Estimate of aqueduct, syphon, fall 21
3 SPECIFICATION AND TENDERS 23
3.1 General Or Brief Specification 23
3.2 Detailed Specifications 23
Detailed Specifications Of Excavations, Filling And Back 23
Filling
antitermite Treatment 30
3.2.3 Hard Core / Soling Under Floors / Foundation 34
3.2.4 Reinforced Concrete And Allied Works 35
1
, Form Work 42
Steel Reinforcement 43
Structural Steel 46
Damp Proof Course 48
Brick Work 49
Schedule Of Rates 51
Procedure Of Rate Analysis 51
Requirement Of Labour And Materials 52
VALUATION 54
Objects Of Valuation 54
Six Important Purposes Of Valuation 54
Definitions 55
Market Value 55
Book Value 55
Capital Cost 55
Sinking Fund Method 56
Direct Comparison With The Capital Value 56
Depreciation Method Of Valuation 57
Methods For Calculating Depreciation 57
Fixation Of Rent 58
Calculation Of Standard Rend Of A Govt. Property 58
REPORT PREPARATION 60
Report On Estimates for the Construction of Residential Building 60
Report on Estimate for Construction of a Culvert 61
Report on the Estimate for a Road Construction 62
Principle for the preparation of Water supply Scheme 63
The project or scheme of major work consist of the following 64
works
1
