Lymphocytes that migrate through the _______ become T cells. - ANS-thymus
T cell receptors recognize antigens presented on ________. - ANS-MHC
________ _________ responds to intracellular antigens; _________ ___responds to
antigens in body fluids - ANS-Cellular immunity; humoral immunity
Cells of the immune system communicate with each other by means of chemicals called
_________. - ANS-cytokines
___________ (IL) are cytokines that serve as
communicators between leukocytes. __________ cause leukocytes to migrate to an
infection. - ANS-Interleukins; Chemokines
Some _________ stimulate the immune response; others protect cells against viruses. -
ANS-interferons
_________ ________ factor promotes the inflammatory reaction. - ANS-Tumor necrosis
, _____________ _________ promote development of white blood cells. -
ANS-Hematopoietic cytokines
Overproduction of cytokines leads to a _________ ________, which results in tissue
damage. - ANS-cytokine storm
An _________ (or immunogen) is a chemical substance that causes the body to
produce specific antibodies. - ANS-antigen
As a rule, antigens are proteins or large ______________________. -
ANS-polysaccharides.
Antibodies are formed against specific regions on antigens called ___________, or
___________ ____________. - ANS-epitopes; antigenic determinants
A ________ is a low molecular-weight substance that cannot cause the formation of
antibodies unless combined with a _________ ________. - ANS-hapten; carrier
molecule
Haptens react with their ____________ independently of the carrier molecule. -
ANS-antibodies
An antibody, or immunoglobulin, is a protein produced by ___ ______ in response to an
antigen and is capable of combining specifically with that antigen. - ANS-B cells
Typical monomers consist of four polypeptide chains: two heavy chains and two light
chains.
Within each chain is a variable (V) region that binds the _________ and a constant (C)
region that distinguishes the different ______ ____ _________. - ANS-epitope; classes
of antibodies
An antibody monomer is __-shaped or ___-shaped: the V regions form the ______; the
C regions form the ______ and
____ (stem) region.
The FC region can attach to a host cell or to complement. - ANS-Y; T; tips; base; FC
IgG antibodies are the most prevalent in
_______; they provide naturally acquired __________ immunity, neutralize bacterial
_______, participate in complement fixation, and enhance _________. - ANS-serum;
passive; toxins; phagocytosis
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Hkane. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
