MCB2010 Exam 3: Chapter 8
Genetics - ANS-The study of what genes are, how they carry information, how their
information is expressed, and how they are replicated and passed to subsequent
generations or other organisms.
DNA in cells exists as a - ANS-Double-stranded helix
The two strands of DNA are held together by _____________ between specific
nitrogenous base pairs: _________ and __________. - ANS-Hydrogen bonds; AT and
CG
Gene - ANS-A segment of DNA, a sequence of nucleotides that encodes a functional
product, usually a protein.
Before a cell divides the DNA in a cell is - ANS-Duplicated
Each offspring cell receives the - ANS-Same genetic information
The genetic composition of an organism, its entire complement of DNA. -
ANS-Genotype
The expression of the genes: the proteins of the
cell and the properties they confer on the organism. - ANS-Phenotype
The DNA in a chromosome exists as one long ___________ _________ associated
with various _________ that regulate________ _________. - ANS-Double helix;
proteins; genetic activity
Genomics - ANS-The molecular characterization of genomes.
Following cell division, each offspring cell receives a chromosome that is - ANS-Virtually
identical to the parent's
Information contained in the DNA is
______________ into RNA and _____________ into proteins. - ANS-Transcribed;
translated
, During DNA replication, the two strands of the double helix separate at the -
ANS-Replication fork
During DNA replication, each strand is used as a - ANS-Template by DNA polymerases
How are two new strands of DNA synthesized? - ANS-According to the rule of
nitrogenous base pairing
What is the result of DNA replication? - ANS-Two new strands
The result of DNA replication is two new
strands of DNA, each having a base sequence ___________________ to one of the
original strands - ANS-Complementary
Why is the replication process called semi-conservative? - ANS-Because each
double-stranded DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand.
DNA is synthesized in one direction designated - ANS-5' to 3'
At the replication fork, the leading strand is synthesized _______________ and the
lagging strand _______________. - ANS-continuously; discontinuously
DNA polymerase _______________ new molecules
of DNA and __________ ____________ _______ before continuing DNA synthesis. -
ANS-proofreads; removes mismatched bases
During transcription, the enzyme ___________________ synthesizes a strand of
_______ from one strand of _____________ _____, which serves as a
_____________. - ANS-RNA polymerase; RNA; double-stranded DNA; template
RNA is synthesized from nucleotides containing the bases _________________, which
pair with the bases of the DNA strand being transcribed. - ANS-A, C, G, and U
How does RNA bases pair with DNA bases? - ANS-AU and CG
What binds the promoter? - ANS-RNA polymerase
Where does transcription begin? - ANS-At AUG
The region of DNA that is the end point of transcription is the - ANS-Terminator
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