BIO 181 Exam 3 NCSU Paciulli SS2
What is phylogeny? - ANS-Evolutionary history of a species or group.
What is the life classification scheme based on in the past? - ANS-Ray (defined
species)
Linnaeus (Father of taxonomy, binomial nomenclature)
How do you write the species to which humans belong? - ANS-Homo sapiens
(Italicized, first letter capital, second word isn't)
What is a taxon? - ANS-Group designated at any level of hierarchy.
What is a taxa? - ANS-Ideally, monophyletic (common ancestor (CA) and its
descendants).
What is the classification scheme? - ANS-Life - Most inclusive
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - Least inclusive
How are systematics used in present day? - ANS-Constructed from data,
morphological, molecular, etc. (uses statistics to analyze data, constructs evolutionary
trees).
What are cladistics? - ANS-Reconstructing phylogenetic trees by considering various
evolutionary pathways.
What is a clade? - ANS-Group of evolutionary ancestors and descendants of a CA
(common ancestor).
What are sister clades? - ANS-Share an immediate CA; each other's closest relatives
What is a cladogram? - ANS-diagram showing evolutionary relationships amongst
organisms
, What are phylogenetic trees? - ANS--Cladogram with a few added bells and whistles
-Branches of PT can be proportioned of evolutionary time of change
- based on homology (similarity in features due to inheritance from CA)
What is an ancestral trait? - ANS-In ancestor of group; may be retained or changed in
descendants.
Example: Human hands with birds and bats, and tails with humans.
What is a derived trait? - ANS-Differs from ancestral form; evolutionary novelty.
Are bones/wings homologous or homosplasies? - ANS-Bones are homologous
Wings are homoplasies
What is the principle of plasimony? - ANS-simplest explanation
Types of phylogenetic trees - ANS-Mono, para, & poly. We prefer the mono.
phylogentic tree - ANS-
What is polarizing - ANS-The opposites of the traits
In group (What you are studying)
Out group
Monophletic v. Paraphyletic v. Polyphyletic groups.
What is biodiversity? - ANS-the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
How many different species are there? - ANS-10-14 million
How many species are actually documented? - ANS-1.2 million (86% undescribed)
How do we classify all living organisms? - ANS-Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
What is an acronym for characteristics of organisms? - ANS-L
E
E
T
S
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