Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes study guide.
HASSAN JAWAD
What is peptidoglycan? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is a carbohydrate in the cell walls of
eubacteria.
What are the methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Methanogen- Live in oxygen-free environments, thick mud, and digestive
tracts of animals
Thermophiles in extremely hot environments like hot springs.
Halophiles live in extremely salty environments like the great salt lake.
Which kingdom of bacteria are more closely related to Eukaryotes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It is archaea that are more closely related.
How do you tell the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria under
the microscope? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gram positive bacteria have walls that retain
violet stains and negative have thinner walls and appear pink or red.
What is a chemoheterotroph? - CORRECT ANSWER-They must take in organic
molecules for energy and supply of carbon and humans and animals are also
chemoheterotrophs.
What is a photoheterotroph? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are photosynthetic- use
sunlight for energy, and also need to take in organic compounds as a carbon source.
What is a chemoautotroph? - CORRECT ANSWER-They perform chemosynthesis, they
don't require light, and make organic molecules from carbon dioxide. They also live in
deep dark oceans near hydrothermal vents.
What is a photoautotroph? - CORRECT ANSWER-They use light energy to convert
carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds and oxygen. They are found where light
is common like lakes, streams or oceans.
What is the difference between an obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe and facultative
anaerobe? - CORRECT ANSWER-Obligate aerobes: require a constant supply of
oxygen
Obligate anaerobes: Must live in the absence of oxygen, may be killed by oxygen
Facultative anaerobes: Do not require oxygen but will not be killed by its presence
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