Nursing 214 Exam 2 Study Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A 2024

#4 leading cause of death in older adults - pneumonia and influenza what disease triples in older adults - nosocomial pneumonia what environmental aspects can affect older adult safety and function? - lighting, temperature, colors, scents, floor coverings, furniture, sensory stimulation, noise control, bathroom hazards, fire hazards age related changes that increase risk of fall - vision, altered center of gravity, slower responses, urinary frequency how can medications increase risk of fall - dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, incontinence what disease related symptoms increase risk of fall - postural hypotension, incontinence, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, confusion what do caregivers do that can increase the risk of fall - improper restraint use, poor supervision, delay in responding fall preventions - eyeglasses, change position slowly, cane and walker proper use, handrails and grab bars, clutter free floor, adequate lighting, regular med review, appropriate nutrition and hydration, avoid restraints, proper fitting shoes nurse assessment for fall prevention - regular environmental hazard inspection and correction, med review, exercise programs, fall risk assessment tools nurse assessment after fall - keep immobile until full exam restraint alternatives - room near nurses station, one on one, electronic alarms, repositioning, communication, frequent reality orientation, diversion activities vision deficit risk addressing - annual eye exams, approach from front, eliminate clutter, good lighting, contrasting colors hearing deficit risk addressing - audiometric evaluation for hearing aid, written and verbal explanations, hearing safety taste and smell deficit risk addressing - missing harmful odors, excess salt and sugar touch deficit risk addressing - decreased pressure detection, decreased ability to differentiate temperatures preventing infection - annual flu vaccine, pneumococcal vaccines, tetanus vaccine, avoid contact with sick, hand washing, body temp monitoring, avoid immobility, malnutrition, and poor hygiene promoting medication safety - non pharmacologic measures first, prescription education, frequent med reviews, beers list teaching early detection for older adults - take own temp and pulse, listen to own lungs, observe sputum, urine, and feces for changes, identify med effectiveness, side effects, and adverse reactions, recognize symptoms that need professional evaluation addressing risks with functional impairment - refer to specialist, provide assistive devices, prepare and label meds for administration, arrange home safety measures, educate family caregivers, modify home environment to improve safety and function altered pharmacokinetics in older adults - absorption altered, distribution changes, decreased metabolism, reduced kidney excretion, altered pharmacodynamics in older adults - biologic and therapeutic effects of drug at site of action or target organ, less response to drugs beers criteria - by Dr. Mark Beer in 1991 and is to decrease potentially inappropriate drug use in older adults