DIT 121 Exam 2 | 100% Correct | Verified
| 2024 Version
What are the 3 main classes of lipids? - triglycerides: the most common type of lipid in food and the
body
phospholipids: for example, in cell membranes
sterols: include cholesterol, vitamin D, some hormones.
what is the main form of fat...
DIT 121 Exam 2 | 100% Correct | Verified
| 2024 Version
What are the 3 main classes of lipids? - ✔✔triglycerides: the most common type of lipid in food and the
body
phospholipids: for example, in cell membranes
sterols: include cholesterol, vitamin D, some hormones.
what is the main form of fat in the diet and the major storage form of fat in the body? - ✔✔triglycerides
what 2 types of molecules (and how many of each) join together to forma triglyceride? - ✔✔glycerol + 3
fatty acids
explain what is meant by saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated when referring to fatty
acids. - ✔✔monounsaturated: fatty acids have 1 double bond between carbons
polyunsaturated: fatty acids have 2 or more double bonds between carbons
saturated: no double bonds
omega-3 fatty acids - ✔✔have the 1st double bond after the 3rd carbon, counting from the methyl (CH3)
group
omega-6 fatty acid - ✔✔have the 1st double bond after 6th carbon, counting from the methyl group
which type of fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated) tend to make fats solid at room temperature? -
✔✔saturated: saturated with hydrogens
unsaturated: not saturated with hydrogen, can hold more hydrogen
which types of fatty acids (saturated/unsaturated) tend to make fats liquid soft at room temperature -
✔✔saturated fatty acids stack together, make fats solid at room temperature: animal fat, bacon grease,
lard, chicken fat, butter
, unsaturated fatty acids: dont stack neatly, making fats soft or liquid at room temperature: avocado, fatty
fish, nuts and seeds, olives, vegetable oils.
what is hydrogenation, and why is this done to the oils in processed foods? - ✔✔hydrogenation produces
trans-fatty acids; "trans-fat" are oils to which H atoms have been added.
where does most chemical digestion and absorption of fats occur? - ✔✔small intestine
10. What role does bile have in fat digestion? What do lipases from the pancreas do to digest fats? - ✔✔-
Emulsifies fat, breaks fat into small fat globules so enzymes can act better.
- Break triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.
10. Which lipids are absorbed without further digestion? - ✔✔- Cholesterol, fatty acids, glycerol, medium
chain triglycerides (MCT), monoglycerides
14. What are the main functions of lipids in the body?
- The omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA are important for:
- Normal growth
- Brain development
- Cognitive development
- Health of retinas in eyes
- Visual acuity
- Provide energy
- Part of adipose tissue: Energy reserve, insulation, shock absorber
15. What is the role of HDL? How does it affect heart disease risk? - ✔✔Liver makes it, remove
cholesterol from the cells and carry it back to the live for recycling or disposal. Lowers the effect of heart
disease.
15. What are DHA and EPA? What do these do in the body? (p. 149) - ✔✔- DHA: an omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbons and six double bonds; present in fatty fish and synthesized in
limited amounts in the body from linolenic acid.
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