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Summary Hematology Intro - Single Chapter

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This chapter contains notes on the basics of hematology. Topics include but are not limited to definition of hematology and common lab procedures, basic cell morphology, types of white blood cells, and a basic math walk-through of absolute vs. relative count. For more in-depth explorations of t...

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  • June 20, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Available practice questions

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Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

Describe the field of hematology

Answer: Hematology is the study of blood AND blood disorders. This includes conditions like anemias, leukemias, lymphomas and more.

2.

What is the purpose of a Sysmex CBC Testing instrument?

Answer: The Sysmex CBC Testing instrument provides complete blood counts and histograms that offer a comprehensive view of a patient\'s health.

3.

How do relative and absolute counts differ in the context of WBC analysis?

Answer: Relative counts show the percentage of each WBC type in a 100-cell count, while absolute counts provide the total number of each WBC type in the entire sample.

4.

What is the most abundant WBC type?

Answer: Neutrophils

5.

What should you suspect if there is a drastic increase of eosinophils in a patient sample?

Answer: Parasite infection

6.

How is the absolute count of a specific WBC type calculated from a given WBC count and differential percentages?

Answer: To calculate the absolute count, multiply the WBC count by the percentage of each WBC type. For example, for segmented neutrophils at 40%, it would be WBC count x 0.40.

7.

Describe the role of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body.

Answer: Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body\'s tissues and removing carbon dioxide. They play a crucial role in maintaining proper oxygen levels in the body.

8.

Explain the significance of WBC morphology in hematology.

Answer: White blood cell morphology is important for identifying various infections, disorders, and abnormalities in the immune system. Changes in WBC morphology can provide valuable diagnostic information to healthcare professionals.

9.

Define hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer: Hemoglobin is the protein in RBCs that carries oxygen to tissues and transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

10.

What is hematocrit (HCT)?

Answer: HCT is a calculated parameter that represents the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

HEMATOLOGY OVERVIEW AND CBC PARAMETERS

WHAT IS HEMATOLOGY?



Hematology is the study of blood and blood
disorders.


Examples:
 Anemias
 Leukemias
 Lymphomas
 Enzyme deficiencies (G6PD deficiency)
 Hemophilia and coagulation disorders (DVT, VW)
 Polycythemia
 Myeloid Disorders



COMMON TESTS IN HEMATOLOGY


 CBC (Complete Blood Count)
 Differential
 ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate)
 Coagulation tests
o INR
o PT
o APTT
o Fibrinogen
 D-Dimer
 Semen analysis
 Bone marrow


SYSMEX CBC TESTING

The Sysmex is a widely used instrument that analysts can use for
complete blood counts. The information the instrument gives is not only the
count values and whether or not the sample is within a set reference range,

, but also histograms that represent a more complete picture of patient
health.
On the image below, each dot on the first histogram represents a white
blood cell. Clumps can indicate monocytes, neutrophils, etc.
NOTE: reference ranges that are given by the Sysmex instrument in the
example photo are not set ranges for each lab and each patient. Ranges
may differ for a given demographic and should be taken into account when
analyzing a Sysmex data sheet.




WBC – WHITE BLOOD COUNT

WBC doesn’t differentiate between males and females but do differ from
stages of life (example: children are expected to have different counts of
some WBCs than adults)
 Normally between 4.0-11.0 x 109/L
 Shape, size, and function vary among the 5 different types of WBCs,
however, the purpose of a WBC is to aid in the body’s immune
function
 Increased in bacterial infections and leukemias
 Decreased in viral infections
 Neutrophils only live for hours whereas memory lymphocytes (B-
cells) can live for years to store the information your immune

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