Exam (elaborations)
ANSC 222 exam II.
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Exam of 5 pages for the course BIO 245 at BIO 245 (ANSC 222 exam II.)
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ANSC 222 exam IIAcromegaly/gigantism - ANS-HPL axis, targets bone and muscle, metabolism and cell
proliferation
Active immunity - ANS-vaccine or getting virus
Adaptive immune system - ANS-can change and learn, highly specific, memory, slower,
B and T cells
agonist - ANS-binds to receptor and activates it
allergens - ANS-activate innate immune system, incorrect on what's "bad", inflammatory
response from mast cells (vasodilation and histamines), allergies change because of
other systems bc innate IS does not change
antagonist - ANS-ligand/drug that binds to receptors and blocks them from working
Antigens and antibodies - ANS-pathogens have antigens (proteins) on membrane,
antibodies from B-cells (or free floating) bind to antigens, phagocytes come kill it
Artificially acquired - ANS-give serum with antibodies to other people
autoimmune - ANS-type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, asthma, lupus, celiac's
Cortisol - ANS-released from adrenal glands, inhibits CRH and ACTH via negative
feedback
cytokines - ANS-made by T cells to recruit more immune cells
Cytotoxic T-Cell - ANS-sees displayed pathogen and kills infected cells
Edward Jenner - ANS-father of current vaccinations, cow pox and small pox guy
endocrine system - ANS-glands secrete hormones into the blood
first line of defense in immune system - ANS-skin&mucus&hair&cilia&digestive
enzymes/acid, innate
, Glutocorticoids - ANS-medications to stop inflammation from cortisol
Grave's disease - ANS-hyperthyroidism, autoimmune, creates antibodies to increase
gland activity
Helper T-Cell - ANS-activates B-cell, helps B-cells clone and produce more antibodies,
all in blood (humeral response)
histamine - ANS-causes inflammatory response, mast cells travel through blood stream
and locally release histamine
homeostasis - ANS-homeostasis->feedback->target set point->+/- feedback
hormone - ANS-signalling molecule from gland
hormone can only bind to specific receptor w right shape - ANS-receptor/target
specificity
Hormones from the anterior pituitary? - ANS-FSH&LH, ACTH, TSH, GH
Hyper and Hypo thyroidism - ANS-too much or too little thyroid hormone, caused by
genetics, tumor/thyroid size, tumor on hypothalamus or pituitary, can be medicated and
monitored or thyroid removed surgically
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis - ANS-CRH (Corticotropin-releasing hormone)
released from hypothalamus, ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) released from
anterior pituitary, cortisol from adrenal cortex
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonad axis HPG - ANS-H releases GnRH
(Gonadotropin-releasing hormone), P releases FSH and LH (follicle stimulating
hormone and Luteinizing hormone), gonads release estrogen and testosterone
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Liver axis HPL - ANS-hypothalamus releases GHRH (Growth
hormone-releasing hormone), pituitary releases GH (growth hormone) , Liver produces
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid axis HPT - ANS-Hypothalamus releases
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Pituitary releases Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH), Thyroid releases T3 and T4 for
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