BIOD 121 (portage): Module 4 Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated)
5 views 0 purchase
Course
Portage Learning Nutrition
Institution
Portage Learning Nutrition
BIOD 121 (portage): Module 4 Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated)
essential vitamins
13 vitamins that animal cells need but can't synthesize
found in both plant and animal sources
vitamins produced by the body
vitamin K and biotin (gut flora)
vitamin D (skin)
vitamin A (from...
BIOD 121 (portage): Module 4 Exam
Questions And Answers (Verified And
Updated)
essential vitamins
13 vitamins that animal cells need but can't synthesize
found in both plant and animal sources
vitamins produced by the body
vitamin K and biotin (gut flora)
vitamin D (skin)
vitamin A (from beta carotene)
niacin (tryptophan)
two criteria for vitamins
1. must be consumed in the diet to maintain health.
2. symptoms of deficiency occur in its absence
enrichment
adding nutrients back that have been lost to processing
fortification
adding nutrient not naturally present in a food
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, K
stored in liver and adipose tissue
excess consumption could lead to toxic levels
two forms of vitamin a
1. Preformed Vitamin A (retinol/retinal), found in foods and animal products: liver, fish, fish oils,
fortified milk, yogurt, and eggs
2. Provitamin A or Carotene, the pigment in yellow, orange, and deep green fruits or vegetables
vitamin A functions
Vision
skin and epithelial health
growth, development, reproduction
disease prevention
two forms of vitamin D
D2 (ergocalciferol, synthetic) and D3 (cholecalciferol)
produced skin > liver > kidney
fatty fish, fortified cereal, eggs, butter, fortified milk, and yogurt
vitamin D functions
regulation of calcium levels and bone metabolism
, immune system, skin development, muscle health, and blood pressure control
vitamin A deficiency
Night blindness, xeropthalmia, dry skin, growth failure
toxicity > 3000mcg/day increased hip fracture, liver toxicity, and fetal malformations
vitamin D deficiency
rickets, osteomalacia
increased risk of infections, cancers, autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease
vitamin E function
antioxidant that protects erythrocytes and membranes from damage
in the body (alpha-tocopherol) or in plants (gamma-tocopherol)
oils, cereals, eggs, margarines, whole grains, and nuts.
vitamin E deficiency
Rare, can occur if fat malabsorption is present
cellular breakdown and hemolysis
toxicity > 1000mg/day may interfere with blood clotting action of Vitamin K
vitamin K function
blood clotting, bone formation
oils, plants, fish and meats, green leafy vegetables, green beans, soybean and canola oils, and liver
synthesize small amts in GI tracts (except infants)
80mcg
deficiency and toxicity both rare
water soluble vitamins
B vitamins and vitamin C
likelihood of toxicity is minimal unless consumed in extremely large quantities (supplements)
B vitamins
coenzymes involved in converting the energy in carbohydrate, fat, and protein into ATP
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin B-12
bioavailability
amount of a vitamin that is absorbed and available to the body
thiamin (B1)
coenzyme for carbohydrates, promotes glucose metabolism
pork, legumes, milk, orange juice, organ meats, and whole and enriched grain
Thiamin deficiency
Beriberi: weakness, loss of appetite, irritability, poor arm and leg coordination, an enlarged heart, and
severe edema (where white rice is common)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ACADEMICAIDSTORE. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
