Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: bouwstenen van een discipline en een praktijk .................................................................7
1.2 het teken als basis voor betekenisvol communiceren ...................................................................7
1.2.1 semiotiek.................................................................................................................................7
1.2.2 teken, tekensysteem en tekenindeling ...................................................................................7
1.3 elementen van het communicatieproces ......................................................................................9
1.3.1 communicator .........................................................................................................................9
1.3.2 boodschap...............................................................................................................................9
1.3.3 encoderen en decoderen ........................................................................................................9
1.3.4 Transmissie, kanaal en medium ............................................................................................10
1.3.5 ontvanger ..............................................................................................................................10
1.3.6 wanneer is een communicatieproces geslaagd? ..................................................................11
1.4 communicatiemodellen ...............................................................................................................11
1.4.1 communicatiemodel van Laswell (1948) ..............................................................................11
1.4.2 communicatiemodel van Shannon en Weaver (1949) .........................................................12
1.4.3 Balansmodel of ABX-model van Newcomb (1953) ...............................................................12
1.4.4 communicatie model van Schramm (1954) ..........................................................................13
1.4.5 communicatiemodel van Gerbner (1956) ............................................................................13
1.4.6 communicatiemodel van Jakobsen (1960) ...........................................................................14
1.4.7 een circulair communicatieproces: Het procesmodel van Oomkes (2000) ..........................15
1.5 verschillende visies op het communicatieproces ........................................................................15
1.5.1 Transmissievisie ....................................................................................................................15
1.5.2 rituele visie of het expressiemodel .......................................................................................16
1.5.3 Attentievisie of het publiciteitsmodel...................................................................................16
1.5.4 receptievisie ..........................................................................................................................16
1.5.5 twee theoretische scholen (Fiske) ........................................................................................17
1.6 vormen van communicatie ..........................................................................................................17
1.6.1 intrapersoonlijke communicatie ...........................................................................................17
1.6.2 interpersoonlijke communicatie ...........................................................................................17
1.6.3 massacommunicatie .............................................................................................................18
1.6.4 non-verbale communicatie (metacommunicatie) ................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 2: The Young and the Restless: ontwikkeling van communicatiewetenschappen als
discipline ................................................................................................................................................19
2.2 communicatiewetenschappen: een academische discipline? .....................................................19
2.4 ontstaan en ontwikkeling van communicatiewetenschappen als discipline ...............................19
2.4.1 de voorlopers in het denken over communicatie .................................................................19
2.4.2 institutionalisering van de communicatiewetenschappen ...................................................20
2.4.3 administratief en kritisch onderzoek ....................................................................................20
2.5.1 het Paradigmabegrip.............................................................................................................21
2.5.3 Paradigma’s in de communicatiewetenschappen ................................................................21
2.6 Theoretische diversiteit in de communicatiewetenschappen .....................................................22
2.6.1 de notie ‘theorie’ ..................................................................................................................22
2.6.2 Classificeren van theorievorming .........................................................................................22
Hoofdstuk 3 coming age ........................................................................................................................23
3.1 inleiding........................................................................................................................................23
3.2 massamaatschappij......................................................................................................................23
3.2.1 contextualisering...................................................................................................................23
3.2.2. concepten en ideeen in het denken over de maatschappij ................................................24
3.2.3 massamaatschappijtheorie ...................................................................................................25
3.2.4 kritieken en evaluatie............................................................................................................25
3.3 Propaganda ............................................................................................................................26
3.3.1 de propagandatheorie van Laswell ................................................................................26
3.3.2 paradigma van kritische propagandastudies .................................................................26
3.3.3. paradigmatische strijd .........................................................................................................27
Hoofdstuk 4: mainstreamparadigma .....................................................................................................28
4.2 de mosterd van communicatiewetenschappen: leentjebuur bij andere disciplines ...................28
4.2.1 funtionalisme en functionalistische mediatheorie ...............................................................28
4.2.2 De actiegerichte benaderingen en interpretatieve theorie ..................................................30
4.2.3 Psychologen en cognitieve dissonantie ................................................................................31
4.2.4 Sociolinguïstiek .....................................................................................................................32
4.3 Media en publiek: van machtige media naar limited effects en weer terug .........................33
4.3.2 machtige media: de sequel ...................................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 5: alternatieve kritische paradigma......................................................................................36
5.1 inleiding........................................................................................................................................36
5.2 marxistische benadering ........................................................................................................36
.......................................................................................................................................................36
5.2.2 onderbouw en bovenbouw ..................................................................................................36
5.3 kritische theorie en de Frankfurter schule ............................................................................37
5.3.1 origine en onderzoeksprogramma .......................................................................................37
5.3.2 de culturele dimensie en het functioneren van de cultuurindustrie ...................................37
5.3.2 Politieke dimensie en de teloorgang van de publieke sfeer .................................................38
5.3.4 kritieken ................................................................................................................................38
5.4 politieke economie van communicatie ..................................................................................38
5.4.1 kritische politieke economie .................................................................................................38
5.4.3 onderzoeksprogramma .........................................................................................................39
5.4.4 kritieken .........................................................................................................................39
5.5 Cultural studies ............................................................................................................................39
5.5.1 oorsprong ..............................................................................................................................39
5.5.2 twee paradigma’s ..................................................................................................................40
5.5.3 onderzoeksprogramma .........................................................................................................41
5.5.4 kritieken ................................................................................................................................41
5.6 post-benaderingen .................................................................................................................41
5.6.1: postructuralisme ..................................................................................................................41
5.6.2 creatieve consumptie............................................................................................................42
5.6.3 postmodernisme ...................................................................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 6: Nieuwe tijden, nieuwe media en nieuwe theorieën? ......................................................43
6.1 inleiding........................................................................................................................................43
6.2 media en communicatietechnologie: een onderzoeksmatig niemandland. ...............................43
6.3 diffusie van technologische innovaties ........................................................................................44
6.4 Mediumtechnologische benaderingen ........................................................................................45
6.5 informatiemaatschappijtheorie ...................................................................................................46
6.5.1 verschillende perspectieven op het vraagstuk van de informatiemaatschappij ..................46
6.5.2 de netwerkmaatschappij ......................................................................................................48
6.6 ‘nieuwe’ metatheorieën ..............................................................................................................50
6.6.1 new media theory .................................................................................................................50
6.6.2 Practice Theory .....................................................................................................................50
6.6.3 Mediatization ........................................................................................................................50
Hoofdstuk 7: sociaalwetenschappelijke metatheorieën: de krachtlijnen .............................................51
Hoofdstuk 8: een historisch perspectief op media en communicatie: een sociale evolutie .................51
8.3 voorlopers van communicatie- en media- technologieën: orale en schriftelijke cultuur. ...........51
8.3.1 orale cultuur: gesproken taal ................................................................................................51
8.3.2 schriftelijke cultuur ..............................................................................................................52
8.4 printmedia ...................................................................................................................................52
8.4.2 de dagbladpapers .................................................................................................................53
8.5 beelden en beeldmedia ...............................................................................................................54
8.5.1 registratie van beeld: fotografie ...........................................................................................54
8.5.2 de illusie van beweging: film en cinema ...............................................................................55
8.5.3 van het grote naar het kleine scherm: televisie ...................................................................55
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