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Samenvatting Politieke en Sociale Leerstelsels
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Samenvatting sociale en politieke leerstelsels 2023-2024Samenvatting Sociale en
Politieke leerstelsels
2023-2024
1
, Samenvatting sociale en politieke leerstelsels 2023-2024
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: ontrafeling van de Europese middeleeuwse orde............................................................9
Renaissance.......................................................................................................................................9
1.1 Wetenschappelijke vooruitgang en de geleidelijke emancipatie..................................................9
Leonardo da Vinci..........................................................................................................................9
Machiavelli.....................................................................................................................................9
Thomas More...............................................................................................................................10
1.2 Het einde van de katholieke hegemonie: reformatie en contrareformatie:...............................10
Luther..........................................................................................................................................10
Muntzer.......................................................................................................................................10
Calvijn..........................................................................................................................................11
1.3 Koloniale ontmoetingen: het dispuut van Vallalodid.................................................................11
De Sepulveda:..............................................................................................................................11
De las Casas.................................................................................................................................12
1.4 De Engelse burgeroorlog............................................................................................................12
Koning Karel I baseerde persoonlijk bewind op het goddelijke recht, hoewel Britse traditie ervan
uitging dat de macht vd koning beperkt werd door natuurwetten en gewoonterecht................12
Christopher Hill............................................................................................................................12
Oliver Cromwell...........................................................................................................................12
De Levellers..................................................................................................................................13
De Diggers....................................................................................................................................13
Mary Astwell................................................................................................................................13
Francis Bacon...............................................................................................................................13
Thomas Hobbes...........................................................................................................................13
Rene Descartes............................................................................................................................14
Spinoza.........................................................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 2: De Europese verlichting en het tijdperk van revoluties..................................................15
2.1 de politieke oorsprong van de burgerlijke samenleving.............................................................15
John Locke (17e eeuw).................................................................................................................15
2.2 Verlichting..................................................................................................................................16
Destutt de Tracy: Beschreef ideologie als een onafhankelijke wetenschappelijke discipline, die
een theorie en een verklaring gaf voor de oorsprong van het bestaan van ideeën.....................16
Jean-Jacques Rousseau................................................................................................................16
Robespierre..................................................................................................................................17
2
, Samenvatting sociale en politieke leerstelsels 2023-2024
2.3 Vernieuwing in het economisch denken....................................................................................18
Adam Smith.................................................................................................................................18
2.4 Tijdperk van Revoluties..............................................................................................................19
De Amerikaanse emancipatie..........................................................................................................19
George Washington, John Adams en Thomas Jefferson...............................................................19
Thomas Paine...............................................................................................................................19
Hamilton en Adams= meer voor gecentraliseerde staat..............................................................20
Abigail Adams..............................................................................................................................20
De Franse Revolutie: van radicaal experiment tot imperiale restauratie.........................................20
Robespierre..................................................................................................................................20
Jakobijnen....................................................................................................................................20
Olympe de Gouges.......................................................................................................................21
Fase van het Directoire................................................................................................................21
Napoleon Bonaparte....................................................................................................................21
Haïtiaanse Revolutie........................................................................................................................21
Hoofstuk 3: ontstaan van de moderne politiek: industriële revolutie en expansie van het kapitalisme
.............................................................................................................................................................22
3.1De ontdekking van de maatschappij en het ontstaan van de moderne ideologieën...................22
Conservatisme.................................................................................................................................22
Edmund Burke..............................................................................................................................22
Mary Wollstonecraft....................................................................................................................23
Economisch en politiek liberalisme..................................................................................................23
Godwin........................................................................................................................................23
Townsend.....................................................................................................................................24
Malthus........................................................................................................................................24
Bentham......................................................................................................................................24
David Ricardo...............................................................................................................................25
Het vroegsocialisme.........................................................................................................................26
Babeuf..........................................................................................................................................26
Robert Owen................................................................................................................................27
Henri de Saint-Simon...................................................................................................................27
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon...............................................................................................................28
Auguste Blanqui...........................................................................................................................28
Duits Idealisme: Kant & Hegel..........................................................................................................29
Immanuel Kant.............................................................................................................................29
Friedrich Hegel.............................................................................................................................29
3
, Samenvatting sociale en politieke leerstelsels 2023-2024
Liberalisme en vroeg imperialisme..................................................................................................30
Benjamin Constant.......................................................................................................................31
Alexis de Tocqueville....................................................................................................................31
John Stuart Mill............................................................................................................................31
Imperialisme................................................................................................................................32
3.2 De burgerlijke maatschappij.......................................................................................................32
Marx en het ontstaan van het socialisme........................................................................................32
Anarchisme......................................................................................................................................34
Max Stirner..................................................................................................................................34
Franks...........................................................................................................................................34
Mikhail Bakunin...........................................................................................................................34
Peter Kropotkin............................................................................................................................35
De eerste golf van het feminisme....................................................................................................35
Clara Zetkin..................................................................................................................................35
August Bebels..............................................................................................................................35
Clara Zetkin & August Bebels.......................................................................................................36
De eerste golf van het Feminisme – strijd om vrouwenstemrecht...................................................36
Nana Asma’u................................................................................................................................36
Huda Sha’arwi..............................................................................................................................36
Raicho Hiratsuka..........................................................................................................................36
Emma Goldman...........................................................................................................................36
Het conservatief offensief................................................................................................................37
De katholieke kerk, vernieuwd geloof en de Christendemocratie....................................................37
Rerum Novarum...........................................................................................................................37
‘wetenschap’, conservatisme en racisme.........................................................................................37
Positivisme...................................................................................................................................38
Sociaaldarwinisme.......................................................................................................................38
Charles Darwin.............................................................................................................................38
Spencer........................................................................................................................................38
Organisch denken: elitaire theorieën op zoek naar harmonie.....................................................38
Mosca..........................................................................................................................................38
Pareto..........................................................................................................................................39
Rassentheorieën..........................................................................................................................39
Onbehagen met de Democratie...................................................................................................39
Friedrich Nietzsche......................................................................................................................40
George Sorrel...............................................................................................................................40
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