CUS3701
Assignment 3 2024
(629218)- DUE 6
August 2024
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
,CUS3701 Assignment 3 2024 (629218)- DUE 6 August 2024
QUESTION 1
Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. MAPHUNGUBWE CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE The ancient city of Mapungubwe (meaning “hill of the jackal”) is an Iron Age
archaeological site in the Limpopo province on the border between South Africa, Zimbabwe
and Botswana, 75 km from Messina. It sits close to the point where the Limpopo and Shashe
Rivers meet. One thousand years ago, Mapungubwe appears to have been the centre of the
largest known kingdom in the African sub-continent. The civilization thrived as a
sophisticated trading centre from around 1200 to 1300 AD, trading gold and ivory with China,
India and Egypt. The site was “discovered” on 31 December 1932, when a local informant,
Mowena, led E.S.J. van Graan (farmer and prospector), his son and three others to Greefswald
farm on Mapungubwe Hill. On the hill, they noticed stone walls and on closer inspection, they
recovered gold and iron artifacts, pottery and glass beads. Van Graan's son recognised the
academic value of the site and contacted the head of the Department of History at the
University of Pretoria, Professor Leo Fouché. As a result of his intervention, the University
negotiated with the owner of the property, E.E. Collins. In a legal agreement, the University
took ownership of the gold and other artifacts and secured an option and a contract for
excavation rights. The University also successfully requested a postponement of prospecting,
mining and related activities on Greefswald. In June 1933, Greefswald was bought by the
Government and excavation rights were granted to the University of Pretoria. The University
established an Archaeological Committee, which from 1933 to 1947 oversaw research and
excavations (read more about the excavations). Mapungubwe Hill is 300 m long, broad at one
end, tapering at the other. It is only accessible by means of two very steep and narrow paths
that twist their way to the summit, and yet 2 000 tons of soil have been artificially transported
to the very top by a prehistoric people of unknown identity. Downloaded by Corona Virus ()
, lOMoARcPSD| CUS3701 ASSESSMENT 03/2024 Archaeological enquiry uncovered the
remnants of numerous dwellings, which had been built on the ruins of predecessors over
many generations, resulting in a series of habitation phases. Radiocarbon dates show that the
first buildings were erected below the hill at the beginning of the 11th century AD. But
adjacent to Mapungubwe is the sister site of Bambandyanalo, which was settled even earlier.
It seems that the centre of the state shifted from Bambandyanalo to Mapungubwe Hill in about
1045 AD, when the town most probably became overcrowded. It was also at about this time
that hills and mountains became associated with royalty and the noble classes began to build
their structure on high ground. This is an important observation as it provided evidence of the
extensive wealth and social differentiation of the people of Mapungubwe; in other words, this
ancient civilization was class based. The gold findings are also evidence of early gold
smelting. A large number of artifacts from the royal family were discovered at Mapungubwe.
The best known of these objects is the golden rhinoceros. All in all, the amount of gold from
this burial amounted to 7 503 ounces. Greefswald farm remained the property of the State
from the 1930s. Management of the farm was taken over by the provincial Department of
Nature Conservation in 1992 and control was transferred to SANParks in 1999. Mapungubwe
was declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organisation (UNESCO) in July 2003.
1.1 Write down the following:
• The grade you are going to teach this lesson to.
• The teaching strategy or strategies that you will use.
1.2 Design a class test with 10 questions.
• The test must count 20 marks.
• The questions must meet the criteria for good questioning.
• The questions must be set at a variety of the Bloom’s taxonomy levels according to the
CAPS requirements.
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