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The best biology notes for A- level biology : Topic 8 $7.74   Add to cart
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The best biology notes for A- level biology : Topic 8
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  • Paper 2 module
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  • AQA

These notes have taken students from grades D- A* All by learning the following notes. These notes are absolutely necessary for A* wannabes. All slides cover every topic on the AQA specification. Students are simply required to learn the content, and the highlighted information to secure thei...

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  • June 22, 2024
  • 18
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Whitlock
  • Paper 2

Subjects

  • biology
  • a level
  • a star content

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • AQA
  • A Level Biology
  • Paper 2 module
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Mutations
mutations canhappen
by errors made during
DNA replication


substitution-bases swapped for another
GCTACC GCAACC

Deletion-bases removed
GCTACC GLACC

Addition-base inserted
GCTACC GCTGACd

Duplication-base repeated
GCTACC GCTTACC

reversed
Inversion-sequence GCTCCA
GCTACC


Translocation-sequence moved from one

place to another
(either on same or
different
chromosome)

↳ mutations can
change the amino
acid coded for and therefore
and
change
structure protein
primary of
potentially change tertiary structure
not all mutations result in
acid due
a
change
of amino
nature DNA code
to
deg enerative
of

meshift
mutations mutagenic agents
-

↳ increase rate of
↳ Mutation
all subsequent triplets ,
affected
as
length of DNA changes Dact as a base
deletion addition and duplication ② bases
altering
,




causes
as more
a
larger impact
&



amno acids
on protein
affected
/ Change
structure
DNA
(make
replication harder)

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