This chapter contains notes on the process of hematopoiesis (blood cell production). Topics include but are not limited to definitions relevant to hematopoiesis, basic cell morphology, individual cell proliferation production processes, and more.
For more in-depth explorations of these topics, ...
55% plasma
o 91.5% water
o 8.5% solutes
Albumin (55%)
Globulins (38%)
Fibrinogen (7%)
Miscellaneous (electrolytes, non-protein nitrogen
compounds like urea, uric acid etc.)
45% formed elements
o 44% RBC
o 1% WBC and PLT
BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY
ERYTHROCYTES (RED BLOOD CELLS)
Read where they don’t overlap (unless WBC count is <2)
Consists of plasma membrane that surrounds Hgb and electrolytes
Biconcave disc ~7-8um in size
90fL volume
Central portion of the cell creates an area of central pallor
o Fairly uniform in shape and size
o No nucleus or inclusions
Mature RBCs
o Not able to synthesize hemoglobin
o Anucleated (lack nucleus)
o No mitochondria or ribosomes
o Pliable, flexible, and deformable
PLT
1-4um
Vary in shape
Reddish-purple granules in small amounts fi bluish cytoplasm
Average of 7-15 PLTs per oil immersion field
Estimate the number in 10 fields when reading
PLTs contain molecules needed for hemostasis
, LEUKOCYTES
Granulocytes:
Multinucleated
Lobed nuclei
Three types:
o Neutrophil
o Eosinophils
o Basophils
Monocytes:
One nucleus
Lobed nuclei
Lymphocytes:
One nucleus
Non-lobed nuclei
Immature cells of any type are abnormal. All cells play a role in immune
function.
NEUTROPHILS 50-70%
Segmented:
3-4 lobes
o Hyper-segmented:
abnormally high number of
lobes in a neutrophil
Chromatin is heavily clumped,
coarse or pyknotic
Cytoplasm is light pink,
secondary granules pink-neutral
Twice the size of RBC
Segmentation allows nucleus to
pass through opening and focus on selected prey
Secondary granules contain alk
phos
Bands: (2-6%)
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